UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): May 2, 2018
MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
Delaware | 001-37856 | 32-0434904 | ||
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) |
(Commission File Number) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) | ||
5375 Medpace Way Cincinnati, Ohio |
45227 | |||
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
(513) 579-9911
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425). |
☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12). |
☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)). |
☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)). |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒
Item 1.01 | Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. |
On May 2, 2018, Medpace Holdings, Inc. (the Company) entered into an underwriting agreement (the Underwriting Agreement) with Jefferies LLC (the Underwriter), and investment funds affiliated with Cinven Capital Management (V) General Partner Limited (the Selling Shareholder), pursuant to which the Selling Shareholder agreed to sell 3,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company (the Shares) to the Underwriter (the Offering) at a price of $35.49 per share. The Offering is expected to close on May 7, 2018, subject to customary closing conditions. The Company did not sell any shares in the Offering and will not receive any proceeds from the Offering.
The Offering was made pursuant to a previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-220306), which was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 23, 2017. The Offering is being made only by means of the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants and includes the terms and conditions for the sale of the Shares by the Selling Shareholder to the Underwriter, indemnification and contribution obligations and other terms and conditions customary in agreements of this type.
A copy of the Underwriting Agreement is filed as Exhibit 1.1 hereto. The above description is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit.
Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit Number |
Description | |
1.1 | Underwriting Agreement, dated as of May 2, 2018, by and among Medpace Holdings, Inc., the Selling Shareholder, and Jefferies LLC. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
By: | /s/ Stephen P. Ewald | |
Name: | Stephen P. Ewald | |
Title: | General Counsel and Corporate Secretary |
Date: May 4, 2018
Exhibit 1.1
EXECUTION VERSION
3,000,000 Shares of Common Stock
Medpace Holdings, Inc.
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
May 2, 2018
Jefferies LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introductory. The stockholder named in Schedule A hereto (the Selling Shareholder) of Medpace Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), proposes to sell to Jefferies LLC (the Underwriter) an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares (the Offered Shares) of the Companys common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the Shares) pursuant to this underwriting agreement (this Agreement).
The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-220306, including a base prospectus (the Base Prospectus) to be used in connection with the public offering and sale of the Offered Shares. Such registration statement, as amended, including the financial statements, exhibits and schedules thereto, in the form in which it became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the Securities Act), including all documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein and any information deemed to be a part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 430B under the Securities Act, is called the Registration Statement. Any registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares is called the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, and from and after the date and time of filing of any such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement the term Registration Statement shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The preliminary prospectus supplement dated May 2, 2018, describing the Offered Shares and the offering thereof (the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement), together with the Base Prospectus, is called the Preliminary Prospectus, and the Preliminary Prospectus and any other prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus in preliminary form that describes the Offered Shares and the offering thereof and is used prior to the filing of the Prospectus (as defined below), together with the Base Prospectus, is called a preliminary prospectus. As used herein, the term Prospectus shall mean the final prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus that describes the Offered Shares and the offering thereof (the Final Prospectus Supplement), together with the Base Prospectus, in the form first used by the Underwriter to confirm sales of the Offered Shares or in the form first made available to the Underwriter by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act. References herein to the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus shall refer to both the prospectus supplement and the Base Prospectus components of such prospectus. As used herein, Applicable Time is 4:30 p.m. (New York City time) on May 2, 2018. As used herein, free writing prospectus has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and Time of Sale Prospectus means the Preliminary Prospectus, as amended or supplemented immediately prior to the Applicable Time, together with the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule B hereto. As used herein, Road Show means a road show (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) relating
to the offering of the Offered Shares contemplated hereby that is a written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act). As used herein, Section 5(d) Written Communication means each written communication (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that is made in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act by the Company or any person authorized to act on behalf of the Company to one or more potential investors that are qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) and/or institutions that are accredited investors (IAIs), as such terms are respectively defined in Rule 144A and Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act, to determine whether such investors might have an interest in the offering of the Offered Shares; Section 5(d) Oral Communication means each oral communication, if any, made in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act by the Company or any person authorized to act on behalf of the Company made to one or more QIBs and/or one or more IAIs to determine whether such investors might have an interest in the offering of the Offered Shares; Marketing Materials means any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Offered Shares, including any road show or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically); and Permitted Section 5(d) Communication means the Section 5(d) Written Communication(s) and Marketing Materials listed on Schedule C attached hereto.
All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus shall include the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which are contained, included or stated in, or part of the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, and all other references of like import, shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the Exchange Act) that is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus, or the Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this Agreement to (i) the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus, any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, or any free writing prospectus, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR) and (ii) the Prospectus shall be deemed to include any electronic Prospectus provided for use in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares as contemplated by Section 3(A)(n) of this Agreement.
In the event that the Company has only one subsidiary, then all references herein to subsidiaries of the Company shall be deemed to refer to such single subsidiary, mutatis mutandis.
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The Company and the Selling Shareholder hereby confirm their respective agreements with the Underwriter as follows:
Section 1. Representations and Warranties.
A. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby represents, warrants and covenants to the Underwriter, as of the date of this Agreement, as of the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), as follows:
(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act. The Company has complied, to the Commissions satisfaction, with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information, if any. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission. At the time the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the Annual Report) was filed with the Commission, or, if later, at the time the Registration Statement was originally filed with the Commission, the Company met the then-applicable requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, or became effective under the Exchange Act, as the case may be, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
(b) Disclosure. Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed by electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR, was identical (except as may be permitted by Regulation S-T under the Securities Act) to the copy thereof delivered to the Underwriter for use in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became or becomes effective, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. As of the Applicable Time, the Time of Sale Prospectus did not, and at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 2), will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Prospectus, as of its date, did not, and at the Closing Date, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the three immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information relating to the Underwriter furnished in writing to the Company expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in Section 9(c) below. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required.
(c) Free Writing Prospectuses; Road Show. As of the determination date referenced in Rule 164(h) under the Securities Act, the Company was not, is not or will not be (as applicable) an ineligible issuer in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of Rule 433 under the Securities Act, including timely filing with the Commission or retention where required and legending, and each such free writing prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Offered Shares did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus and not superseded or modified. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule B, and electronic road shows, if any, furnished to you before first use, the Company has not used or referred to, and will not, without your prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, use or refer to, any
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free writing prospectus. Each Road Show, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, did not, as of the Applicable Time, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(d) Distribution of Offering Material by the Company. Prior to the completion of the Underwriters distribution of the Offered Shares, the Company has not distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares other than the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any free writing prospectus reviewed and consented to by the Underwriter, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified on Schedule B hereto and any Permitted Section 5(d) Communications.
(e) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(f) No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, other than the Selling Shareholder with respect to the Offered Shares included in the Registration Statement, which rights in connection with this offering have been complied with, and except for any other such rights as have been duly waived.
(g) No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, properties, operations, assets, liabilities or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity (any such change being referred to herein as a Material Adverse Change); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, including without limitation any losses or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood, earthquakes, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any strike, labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, that are material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, or has entered into any material transactions not in the ordinary course of business; and (iii) there has not been any material decrease in the capital stock or any material increase in any short-term or long-term indebtedness of the Company or its subsidiaries and there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries, by any of the Companys subsidiaries on any class of capital stock, or any repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.
(h) Independent Auditors. Deloitte & Touche LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, is (i) an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), (ii) in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act and (iii) a registered public accounting firm as defined by the PCAOB whose registration has not been suspended or revoked and who has not requested such registration to be withdrawn.
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(i) Financial Statements. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations, changes in stockholders equity and cash flows for the periods specified. Such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commissions rules and guidelines applicable thereto. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus. All disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus and any free writing prospectus, that constitute non-GAAP financial measures (as defined by the rules and regulations under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act) comply with Regulation G under the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, as applicable. To the knowledge of the Company, no person who has been suspended or barred from being associated with a registered public accounting firm, or who has failed to comply with any sanction pursuant to Rule 5300 promulgated by the PCAOB, has participated in or otherwise aided the preparation of, or audited, the financial statements, supporting schedules or other financial data filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(j) Companys Accounting System. The Company and its subsidiaries make and keep books and records that are accurate in all material respects and maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with managements general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with managements general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commissions rules and guidelines applicable thereto.
(k) Disclosure Controls and Procedures; Deficiencies in or Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act) which (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the Companys principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within those entities, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are being prepared; (ii) have been evaluated by management of the Company for effectiveness as of the end of the Companys most recent fiscal quarter; and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established. Since the end of the Companys most recent audited fiscal year, there have been no significant deficiencies or material weakness in the Companys internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and no change in the Companys internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting. The Company is not aware of any change in its internal control over financial reporting that has occurred during its most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
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(l) Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has the corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in the State of Ohio and each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or other), earnings, business, properties, operations, assets, liabilities or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity (a Material Adverse Effect).
(m) Subsidiaries. Each of the Companys subsidiaries (for purposes of this Agreement, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) has been duly incorporated or organized, as the case may be, and is validly existing as a corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has the power and authority (corporate or other) to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Each of the Companys subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. All of the issued and outstanding capital stock or other equity or ownership interests of each of the Companys subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or adverse claim, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, or except as otherwise would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than (i) the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and (ii) certain other subsidiaries which, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, do not constitute a significant subsidiary as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X.
(n) Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption Description of Capital Stock (other than for subsequent issuances, if any, pursuant to employee benefit plans, or upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, in each case described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus). The Shares (including the Offered Shares) conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Time of Sale Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding Shares (including the Offered Shares) have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and have been issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding Shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than
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those described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. The descriptions of the Companys stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(o) Stock Exchange Listing. The Shares (including the Offered Shares) are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (the NASDAQ), and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Shares (including the Offered Shares) under the Exchange Act or delisting the Shares (including the Offered Shares) from the NASDAQ, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the NASDAQ is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. The Company is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of NASDAQ.
(p) Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its respective charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or operating agreement or similar organizational documents, as applicable, or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (Default) under any indenture, loan, credit agreement, note, lease, license agreement, contract, franchise or other instrument (including, without limitation, any pledge agreement, security agreement, mortgage or other instrument or agreement evidencing, guaranteeing, securing or relating to indebtedness) to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of their respective properties or assets are subject (each, an Existing Instrument), except for such Defaults as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Companys execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or operating agreement or similar organizational documents, as applicable, of the Company or any subsidiary (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default or a Debt Repayment Triggering Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens, charges, encumbrances or violations specified in subsections (ii) and (iii) above that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Companys execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except such as have been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act and such as may be required under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or FINRA. As used herein, a Debt Repayment Triggering Event means any event or condition which gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holders behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
(q) No Material Actions or Proceedings. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation brought by or before any governmental entity now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, which if determined adversely to the
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Company or any of its subsidiaries would reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder; and the aggregate of all pending legal or governmental proceedings to which the Company or any such subsidiary is a party or of which any of their respective properties or assets is the subject, including ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, if determined adversely to the Company, would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened or imminent.
(r) Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess all inventions, patent applications, patents, trademarks (both registered and unregistered), trade names, service names, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary information described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus and as being owned or licensed by any of them or which is necessary for the conduct of, or material to, any of their respective businesses (collectively, the Intellectual Property), and the Company is unaware of any claim to the contrary or any challenge by any other person to the rights of the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Intellectual Property, except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has infringed or is infringing the intellectual property of a third party, and neither the Company nor any subsidiary has received notice of a claim by a third party to the contrary, except, in each case, as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(s) All Necessary Licenses, etc. The Company and its subsidiaries possess, or qualify for applicable exemptions to, such valid and current certificates, authorizations, permits or licenses required by state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (Licenses), including, without limitation, all such Licenses required by the United States Food and Drug Administration (the FDA), the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) or any other applicable state, federal or foreign agencies or bodies engaged in the regulation of drugs, biologics, medical devices or diagnostics, or preclinical or clinical trials, tests or studies relating to any of the same, except where the failure to possess the same or so qualify would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of, or in default under, any of such Licenses or, has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such License, except for any such violations, defaults or proceeds relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such License that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(t) Title to Properties. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all of the real and personal property and other assets reflected as owned in the financial statements referred to in Section 1(A)(i) above (or elsewhere in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus), in each case free and clear of any security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities, adverse claims and other defects other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus or except for such other security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities, adverse claims and other defects as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. The real property, improvements, equipment and personal property held under lease by the Company or any of its subsidiaries are held under valid and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or personal property by the Company or such subsidiary.
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(u) Tax Law Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns or have properly requested extensions thereof and have paid all taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them except as may be being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings, in each case except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 1(A)(i) above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has not been finally determined, in each case, except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(v) Insurance. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries are insured by recognized, institutions with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as the Company reasonably deems adequate and customary for their businesses including, but not limited to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company and its subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and earthquakes and policies covering the Company and its subsidiaries for product liability claims and clinical trial liability claims. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any of its subsidiaries will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been denied any material insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.
(w) Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect: (i) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human health, the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products (collectively, Hazardous Materials) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, Environmental Laws); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements; (iii) there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and (iv) to the knowledge of the Company, there are no events or circumstances that might reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or governmental body or agency, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.
(x) ERISA Compliance. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries and any employee benefit plan (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, ERISA)) established or maintained by the Company or its subsidiaries are in compliance with ERISA. ERISA Affiliate means, with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, any member of any group of organizations
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described in Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the Code) of which the Company or such subsidiary is a member. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) no reportable event (as defined under ERISA), for which notice has not been waived, has occurred or would reasonably be expected to occur with respect to any employee benefit plan established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates, (ii) no employee benefit plan established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates has failed or would reasonably be expected to fail to satisfy the minimum funding standard under Section 412 of the Code, whether or not waived, (iii) neither the Company, its subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or would reasonably be expected to incur any liability under (A) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any employee benefit plan or (B) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code and (iv) each employee benefit plan established or maintained by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has been determined by the IRS to be so qualified or is in the process of being submitted for approval or will be so submitted during the applicable remedial amendment period and, to the knowledge of the Company, nothing has occurred since the date of such determination, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.
(y) Company Not an Investment Company. The Company is not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act).
(z) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares (including the Offered Shares) or of any reference security (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (Regulation M)) with respect to the Shares (including the Offered Shares), whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M.
(aa) Related-Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus that have not been described as required.
(bb) FINRA Matters. All of the information provided to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter by the Company, and to the knowledge of the Company, its counsel, its officers and directors and the holders of any securities (debt or equity) or options to acquire any securities of the Company in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares is true, complete, correct and compliant with FINRAs rules and any letters, filings or other supplemental information provided to FINRA pursuant to FINRA Rules or NASD Conduct Rules is true, complete and correct.
(cc) Parties to Lock-up Agreements. The Company has furnished to the Underwriter a letter agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the Lock-up Agreement) from each of the persons and entities listed on Exhibit B hereto. If any additional persons shall become directors or officers of the Company prior to the end of the Company Lock-up Period (as defined below), the Company shall cause each such person, prior to or contemporaneously with their appointment or election as a director or officer of the Company, to execute and deliver to the Underwriter a Lock-up Agreement.
(dd) Statistical and Market-Related Data. All statistical, demographic and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any free writing
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prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes, after reasonable inquiry, to be reliable and accurate in all material respects. To the extent required, the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources.
(ee) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any employee or agent acting on behalf of the Company or any subsidiary, has made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.
(ff) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, controlled affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any domestic government official, foreign official (as defined in the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, collectively, the FCPA) or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the FCPA or any other applicable non-U.S. anti-bribery or anti-corruption statute or regulation; or (iv) made any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any domestic government official, such foreign official or employee; and the Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Companys affiliates have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with the FCPA and all other applicable non-U.S. anti-bribery or anti-corruption statutes or regulations, and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith.
(gg) Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are, and have been conducted at all times, in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar applicable rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the Money Laundering Laws) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(hh) OFAC. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the best knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, controlled affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (OFAC).
(ii) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Companys directors or officers to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section 402 relating to loans.
(jj) Brokers. Except pursuant to this Agreement, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company for a brokerage commission, finders fee or other like payment in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares contemplated by this Agreement.
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(kk) Forward-Looking Statements. Each financial or operational projection or other forward-looking statement (as defined by Section 27A of the Securities Act or Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus was so included by the Company in good faith and with reasonable basis after due consideration by the Company of the underlying assumptions, estimates and other applicable facts and circumstances.
(ll) Emerging Growth Company Status. Since the time of the initial filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged in any Section 5(d) Written Communication or any Section 5(d) Oral Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act (an Emerging Growth Company).
(mm) Communications. The Company (i) has not alone engaged in communications with potential investors in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act other than Permitted Section 5(d) Communications with the consent of the Underwriter with entities that are QIBs or IAIs and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Underwriter to engage in such communications; as of the Applicable Time, each Permitted Section 5(d) Communication, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, did not, as of the Applicable Time, include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and each Permitted Section 5(d) Communication, if any, does not, as of the date hereof, conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(nn) Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance. The preclinical and clinical trials, tests, and other studies (collectively, Studies) conducted by the Company and its subsidiaries are being and have been conducted in all material respects in accordance with the protocols designed for such Studies and in accordance with applicable laws; except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries have made all such filings and obtained all such approvals as may be required by the FDA, HHS, the EMA or from any other federal, state or foreign government agency or body engaged in the regulation of drugs, biologics, medical devices or diagnostics, or of any Studies, or a health care facility Institutional Review Board (collectively, the Regulatory Agencies); neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice of, or written correspondence or other official communication from, any Regulatory Agency requiring the termination, suspension or modification of any Studies, except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company has not received written notice of any claim, litigation, arbitration, enforcement, hearing, investigation, proceeding, or similar action by a Regulatory Agency, and the Company and its subsidiaries have no knowledge that any Regulatory Agency is considering such action.
(oo) Compliance with Health Care Laws. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company, its subsidiaries, and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Companys and its subsidiaries directors, officers, employees or other third parties acting on behalf of or at the direction of the Company are not in violation of any applicable Health Care Laws. For purposes of this Agreement, Health Care Laws means (i) the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Section 301 et seq.) and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d et seq.) (HIPAA), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder, and any comparable state privacy and security laws ; (iii) federal, state, local and foreign health care related fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the U.S. Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section 3729 et seq.), the exclusion laws (42 U.S.C.
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Section 1320a-7 and 42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes); (iv) the U.S. Controlled Substances Act; (v) Titles XVIII and XIX of the U.S. Social Security Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (vi) the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments and the regulations promulgated thereunder; and (vii) any and all other applicable health care laws and regulations, in any jurisdiction where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conducts business. Additionally, neither the Company, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its employees, officers, directors or other third parties acting on behalf of or at the direction of the Company in matters relating to the Health Care Laws has been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any federal health care program or is subject to or has been threatened in writing or via another official communication with an inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar matter that would subject the Company, or any of its employees, officers, directors or other third parties acting on behalf of or at the direction of the Company, to exclusion, suspension or debarment.
(pp) No Contract Terminations. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sent or received any communication regarding termination of, or intent not to renew, any material contracts or agreements referred to or described in any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or any free writing prospectus, or referred to or described in, or filed as an exhibit to, the Registration Statement, or any document incorporated by reference therein, and no such termination or non-renewal has been threatened by the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any other party to any such contract or agreement, which threat of termination or non-renewal has not been rescinded as of the date hereof.
(qq) Dividend Restrictions. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, no subsidiary of the Company is prohibited or restricted, directly or indirectly, from paying dividends to the Company, or from making any other distribution with respect to such subsidiarys equity securities or from repaying to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company any amounts that may from time to time become due under any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any property or assets to the Company or to any other subsidiary.
Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and delivered to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter in connection with the offering, or the purchase and sale, of the Offered Shares shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company (and not by such officer in his or her personal capacity) to the Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
The Company has a reasonable basis for making each of the representations set forth in this Section 1(A). The Company acknowledges that the Underwriter and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 6 hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to the Underwriter, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.
B. Representations and Warranties of the Selling Shareholder. The Selling Shareholder represents, warrants and covenants to the Underwriter, as follows:
(a) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by or on behalf of such Selling Shareholder.
(b) Title to Offered Shares to be Sold. The Selling Shareholder, on the Closing Date, will have, good and valid title to all of the Offered Shares subject to sale by the Selling Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement on such date and the legal right and power to sell, transfer and deliver all of the Offered Shares which may be sold by the Selling Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement and to comply with its other obligations hereunder.
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(c) Delivery of the Offered Shares to be Sold. Delivery of Offered Shares by the Selling Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement will pass good and valid title to such Offered Shares, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim, including, but not limited to any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim pursuant to (i) that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2017, by and among the Selling Shareholder, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., as lenders, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as calculation agent (the Credit Agreement), (ii) that certain related Pledge Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2017, by and among the Selling Shareholder, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as secured party and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., as secured party, (iii) that certain Custody and Control Agreement dated June 16, 2017 among Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, the Borrower (as defined in the Credit Agreement), and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, in its capacities as securities intermediary and bank, and (iv) that certain Custody and Control Agreement dated June 16, 2017 among Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., the Borrower, and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, in its capacities as securities intermediary and bank.
(d) Non-Contravention; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. The execution and delivery by the Selling Shareholder of, and the performance by the Selling Shareholder of its obligations under this Agreement will not contravene or conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a Default under, or require the consent of any other party to, (i) the charter or by-laws, partnership agreement or other organizational documents of the Selling Shareholder, (ii) any other agreement or instrument to which the Selling Shareholder is a party or by which it is bound or under which it is entitled to any right or benefit, any provision of applicable law or (iii) any judgment, order, decree or regulation applicable to the Selling Shareholder of any court, regulatory body, administrative agency, governmental body or arbitrator having jurisdiction over the Selling Shareholder, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), as would not reasonably impair its ability to perform its obligations hereunder. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental authority or agency, is required for the consummation by the Selling Shareholder of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement, except such as may be required under the Securities Act, applicable state securities or blue sky laws and from FINRA.
(e) No Registration, Pre-emptive, Co-Sale or Other Similar Rights. The Selling Shareholder: (i) does not have any registration or other similar rights to have any securities registered for sale by the Company under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as are described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, which rights in connection with this offering have been complied with; (ii) does not have any preemptive right, co-sale right, right of first refusal or other similar right to purchase any of the Offered Shares, except for such rights as the Selling Shareholder has waived prior to the date hereof and are described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and (iii) does not own any warrants, options or similar rights to acquire, and does not have any right or arrangement to acquire, any capital stock, right, warrants, options or other securities from the Company, other than those described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(f) No Further Consents, etc. Except for such consents, approvals and waivers as have been obtained by the Selling Shareholder on or prior to the date of this Agreement, no consent, approval or waiver is required under any instrument or agreement to which the Selling Shareholder is a party or by which it is bound or under which it is entitled to any right or benefit, in connection with the offering, sale or purchase by the Underwriter of any of the Offered Shares which may be sold by the Selling Shareholder under this Agreement or the consummation by the Selling Shareholder of any of the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.
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(g) Disclosure Made by the Selling Shareholder in the Prospectus. All information furnished to the Company or the Underwriter by or on behalf of the Selling Shareholder in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus is, and on the Closing Date will be, true, correct, and complete in all material respects, and did not, as of the Applicable Time, and on the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; it being understood that the only information that shall be deemed furnished by or on behalf of the Selling Shareholder is the description of the Selling Shareholder and the number of shares held by the Selling Shareholder as described under the caption Selling Shareholder in the Time of Sale Prospectus (the Selling Shareholder Information). The Selling Shareholder confirms as accurate the number of Shares set forth opposite the Selling Shareholders name in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption Selling Shareholder (both prior to and after giving effect to the sale of the Offered Shares).
(h) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. The Selling Shareholder has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares (including the Offered Shares) or any reference security, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which would directly or indirectly violate any provision of Regulation M.
(i) Submission to Jurisdiction. The Selling Shareholder has the power to submit, and pursuant to Section 18 of this Agreement, has legally, validly, effectively and irrevocably submitted, to the personal jurisdiction of each New York state and United States federal court sitting in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York and has validly and irrevocably waived any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding brought in such court.
(j) Distribution of Offering Materials by the Selling Shareholder. Prior to the completion of the Underwriters distribution of the Offered Shares, the Selling Shareholder has not distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares other than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the free writing prospectus(es) listed on Schedule C and the Prospectus.
(k) OFAC. The Selling Shareholder is not currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC and will not directly or, to its knowledge, indirectly use the proceeds of this offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, or any joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC or in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.
(l) ERISA. The Selling Shareholder is not (1) an employee benefit plan subject to Title I of the ERISA, (2) a plan or account subject to Section 4975 of the Code or (3) an entity deemed to hold plan assets of any such plan or account under Section 3(42) of ERISA, 29 C.F.R. 2510.3-101, or otherwise.
Any certificate signed by the Selling Shareholder and delivered to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Selling Shareholder to the Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
The Selling Shareholder has a reasonable basis for making each of the representations set forth in this Section 1(B). The Selling Shareholder acknowledges that the Underwriter and, for purposes of the opinion to be delivered pursuant to Section 6 hereof, counsel to the Selling Shareholder and counsel to the Underwriter, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.
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Section 2. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Offered Shares.
(a) The Offered Shares. Upon the terms herein set forth, the Selling Shareholder agrees to sell to the Underwriter an aggregate of 3,000,000 Shares. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Underwriter agrees to purchase from the Selling Shareholder an aggregate of 3,000,000 Shares. The purchase price per Share to be paid by the Underwriter to the Selling Shareholder shall be $35.49 per share.
(b) The Closing Date. Delivery of certificates for the Shares to be purchased by the Underwriter and payment therefor shall be made at the offices of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (or such other place as may be agreed to by the Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter) at 9:00 a.m. New York City time, on May 7, 2018, or such other time and date not later than 1:30 p.m. New York City time, on May 21, 2018, as the Underwriter shall designate by notice to the Company and the Selling Shareholder (the time and date of such closing are called the Closing Date). The Company and the Selling Shareholder hereby acknowledge that circumstances under which the Underwriter may provide notice to postpone the Closing Date as originally scheduled include, but are not limited to, any determination by the Company, the Selling Shareholder or the Underwriter to recirculate to the public copies of an amended or supplemented Prospectus.
(c) | [RESERVED.] |
(d) Public Offering of the Offered Shares. The Underwriter hereby advises the Company and the Selling Shareholder that the Underwriter intends to offer for sale to the public, initially on the terms set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Offered Shares as soon after this Agreement has been executed as the Underwriter, in its sole judgment, has determined is advisable and practicable.
(e) Settlement of the Offered Shares.
(i) The Selling Shareholder shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, the Shares to be sold by them at the Closing Date to the account of the Underwriter on a Delivery Versus Payment (DVP) basis through the book-entry facilities of the Depository Trust Company (DTC) from the designated custodian account for the Selling Shareholder against a credit of cash for the amount of the purchase price therefor.
(ii) The Offered Shares shall be delivered to such accounts and in such denominations as the Underwriter shall have requested at least two full business days prior to the Closing Date. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified in this Agreement is a further condition to the obligations of the Underwriter.
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Section 3. Additional Covenants.
A. Covenants of the Company. The Company further covenants and agrees with the Underwriter as follows:
(a) Delivery of Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and Prospectus. The Company shall furnish to you in New York City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Shares, as many copies of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably request.
(b) Underwriters Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements. During the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), the Company (i) will furnish to the Underwriter for review, a reasonable period of time prior to the proposed time of filing of any proposed amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, a copy of each such amendment or supplement and (ii) will not amend or supplement the Registration Statement (including any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act) without the Underwriters prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Prior to amending or supplementing any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (including any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act), the Company shall furnish to the Underwriter for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the time of filing or use of the proposed amendment or supplement, a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement. The Company shall not file or use any such proposed amendment or supplement without the Underwriters prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Company shall file with the Commission within the applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.
(c) Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall furnish to the Underwriter for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto without the Underwriters prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Company shall furnish to the Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by or referred to by the Company as the Underwriter may reasonably request. If at any time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Shares (but in any event if at any time through and including the Closing Date) there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at such time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly amend or supplement such free writing prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict so that the statements in such free writing prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at such time, not misleading, as the case may be; provided, however, that prior to amending or supplementing any such free writing prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Underwriter for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of such proposed amended or supplemented free writing prospectus, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any such amended or supplemented free writing prospectus without the Underwriters prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
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(d) Filing of Underwriter Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company shall not take any action that would result in the Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Underwriter that the Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.
(e) Amendments and Supplements to Time of Sale Prospectus. If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to buy the Offered Shares at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, and any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the Time of Sale Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or if, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company shall (subject to Section 3(A)(b) and Section 3(A)(c) hereof) promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law.
(f) Certain Notifications and Required Actions. After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Underwriter in writing of: (i) the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission; (ii) the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the Prospectus; (iii) the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective; and (iv) the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Shares (including the Offered Shares) from any securities exchange upon which they are listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with all applicable provisions of Rule 424(b), Rule 433 and Rule 430A under the Securities Act and will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner by the Commission.
(g) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters. During the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), if any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus so that the Prospectus does not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) to a purchaser, not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Underwriter or counsel for the Underwriter it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company agrees (subject to
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Section 3(A)(b) and Section 3(A)(c) hereof) to promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to any dealer upon request, amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) to a purchaser, not misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law. Neither the Underwriters consent to, nor delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the Companys obligations under Section 3(A)(b) or Section 3(A)(c). As used herein, the term Prospectus Delivery Period means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Offered Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Offered Shares by the Underwriter or dealer.
(h) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company shall cooperate with the Underwriter and counsel for the Underwriter to qualify or register the Offered Shares for sale under (or obtain exemptions from the application of) the state securities or blue sky laws or Canadian provincial securities laws (or other foreign laws as the Underwriter shall reasonably request) of those jurisdictions reasonably designated by the Underwriter, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Offered Shares. The Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it to general service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation. The Company will advise the Underwriter promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Offered Shares for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.
(i) Transfer Agent. The Company shall maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Shares (including the Offered Shares).
(j) Earnings Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Underwriter as soon as practicable an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company commencing after the date of this Agreement that will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
(k) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Offered Shares as contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), file on a timely basis with the Commission and the NASDAQ all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act.
(l) Listing. The Company will use its best efforts to maintain the listing of the Offered Shares on the NASDAQ.
(m) Company to Provide Copy of the Prospectus in Form That May be Downloaded from the Internet. If requested by the Underwriter, the Company shall cause to be prepared and delivered, at its
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expense, within one business day from the effective date of this Agreement, to the Underwriter an electronic Prospectus to be used by the Underwriter in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares. As used herein, the term electronic Prospectus means a form of Time of Sale Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, that meets each of the following conditions: (i) it shall be encoded in an electronic format, reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter, that may be transmitted electronically by the Underwriter to offerees and purchasers of the Offered Shares; (ii) it shall disclose the same information as the paper Time of Sale Prospectus, except to the extent that graphic and image material cannot be disseminated electronically, in which case such graphic and image material shall be replaced in the electronic Prospectus with a fair and accurate narrative description or tabular representation of such material, as appropriate; and (iii) it shall be in or convertible into a paper format or an electronic format, reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter, that will allow investors to store and have continuously ready access to the Time of Sale Prospectus at any future time, without charge to investors (other than any fee charged for subscription to the Internet as a whole and for on-line time). The Company hereby confirms that it has included or will include in the Prospectus filed pursuant to EDGAR or otherwise with the Commission and in the Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective an undertaking that, upon receipt of a request by an investor or his or her representative, the Company shall transmit or cause to be transmitted promptly, without charge, a paper copy of the Time of Sale Prospectus.
(n) Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Shares. During the period commencing on and including the date hereof and continuing through and including the 45th day following the date of the Prospectus (such period being referred to herein as the Lock-up Period), the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter (which consent may be withheld in its sole discretion), directly or indirectly: (i) sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or lend any Shares or Related Securities (as defined below); (ii) effect any short sale, or establish or increase any put equivalent position (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or liquidate or decrease any call equivalent position (as defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) of any Shares or Related Securities; (iii) pledge, hypothecate or grant any security interest in any Shares or Related Securities; (iv) in any other way transfer or dispose of any Shares or Related Securities; (v) enter into any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of any Shares or Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise; (vi) announce the offering of any Shares or Related Securities; (vii) file any registration statement under the Securities Act in respect of any Shares or Related Securities (other than as contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Offered Shares); or (viii) publicly announce the intention to do any of the foregoing; provided, however, that the Company may (A) effect the transactions contemplated hereby, (B) issue Shares or options to purchase Shares, or issue Shares upon exercise of options, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (C) file a registration statement on Form S-8 with respect to any securities issued or issuable pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Registration Statement, (D) assist any stockholder of the Company in the establishment of a trading plan by such stockholder pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock; provided that such plan does not provide for the transfer of shares of Common Stock during the Lock-up Period, and the establishment of such plan does not require or otherwise result in any public filing or other public announcement of such plan during such Lock-up Period and such plan is otherwise permitted to be implemented during the Lock-up Period pursuant to the terms of the lock-up agreement between such stockholder and the Underwriter in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares, (E) issue shares of Common Stock in connection with the acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, business, property or other assets of another person or business entity or pursuant to any employee benefit plan assumed by the Company in connection with any such acquisition, or (F) issue shares of Common Stock, of restricted stock awards or of options to purchase shares of Common Stock, in each case, in connection with joint ventures, commercial relationships or other strategic transactions; provided that, in the case of immediately preceding clauses (E) and (F), the aggregate number
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of restricted stock awards and shares of Common Stock issued in connection with, or issuable pursuant to the exercise of any options issued in connection with, all such acquisitions and other transactions does not exceed 5% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement and the recipients of the shares of Common Stock or Related Securities agrees in writing to be bound by the same terms described in the agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. For purposes of the foregoing, Related Securities shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire Shares or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for, or convertible into, Shares.
(o) Future Reports to the Underwriter. During the period of three years hereafter, the Company will furnish to the Underwriter as soon as practicable after the filing or furnishing thereof, copies of each proxy statement, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other report filed or furnished by the Company with or to the Commission or any securities exchange; provided, however, that the requirements of this Section 3(A)(p) shall be satisfied to the extent that such reports, statement, communications, financial statements or other documents are available on EDGAR.
(p) No Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. The Company will not take, and will ensure that no controlled affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares (including the Offered Shares) or any reference security with respect to the Shares (including the Offered Shares), whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and the Company will, and shall cause each of its affiliates to, comply with all applicable provisions of Regulation M.
(q) Enforce Lock-up Agreements. During the Lock-up Period, the Company will enforce all agreements between the Company and any of its security holders that restrict or prohibit, expressly or in operation, the offer, sale or transfer of Shares or Related Securities or any of the other actions restricted or prohibited under the terms of the form of Lock-up Agreement. In addition, the Company will direct the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon any such securities of the Company that are bound by such lock-up agreements for the duration of the periods contemplated in such agreements, including, without limitation, lock-up agreements entered into by the Companys officers and directors and security holders pursuant to Section 6(l) hereof.
(r) Company to Provide Interim Financial Statements. Prior to the Closing Date, the Company will furnish the Underwriter, as soon as they have been prepared by or are available to the Company, a copy of any unaudited interim financial statements of the Company for any quarterly period subsequent to the quarter covered by the most recent financial statements appearing in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(s) Amendments and Supplements to Permitted Section 5(d) Communications. If at any time following the distribution of any Permitted Section 5(d) Communication during the Prospectus Delivery Period there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Permitted Section 5(d) Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriter and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Permitted Section 5(d) Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.
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(t) Emerging Growth Company Status. The Company will promptly notify the Underwriter if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) the time when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is not required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) and (ii) the expiration of the Lock-up Period (as defined herein).
The Underwriter may, in its sole discretion, waive in writing the performance by the Company of any one or more of the foregoing covenants or extend the time for their performance.
B. Covenants of the Selling Shareholder. The Selling Shareholder further covenants and agrees with the Underwriter:
(a) Compliance with Lock-up Agreement. During the Lock-up Period, the Selling Shareholder agrees to be bound by the terms of a Lock-up Agreement in the form set forth as Exhibit A hereto.
(b) No Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M. The Selling Shareholder will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares (including the Offered Shares) or any reference security with respect to the Shares (including the Offered Shares), whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and the Selling Shareholder will comply with all applicable provisions of Regulation M.
(c) Delivery of Forms W-8 and W-9. To deliver to the Underwriter prior to the Closing Date a properly completed and executed United States Treasury Department Form W-8 (if the Selling Shareholder is a non-United States person) or Form W-9 (if the Selling Shareholder is a United States Person).
The Underwriter, may, in its sole discretion, waive in writing the performance by the Company or the Selling Shareholder of any one or more of the foregoing covenants or extend the time for their performance.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses. (a) The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its and the Selling Shareholders respective obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the sale and delivery of the Offered Shares (including all printing and engraving costs), (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Shares (including the Offered Shares), (iii) all fees and expenses of the Companys counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors, (iv) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, each free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and each preliminary prospectus, each Permitted Section 5(d) Communication, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement, (v) all filing fees, reasonable attorneys fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriter in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Offered Shares for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the provincial securities laws of Canada, and, if requested by the Underwriter, preparing and printing a Blue Sky Survey or memorandum and a Canadian wrapper, and any supplements thereto, advising the Underwriter of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions, (vi) the costs, fees and expenses incurred by the Underwriter in connection with determining their compliance with the rules and regulations of FINRA related to the Underwriters
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participation in the offering and distribution of the Offered Shares, including any related filing fees and the legal fees of (such legal fees not to exceed $15,000 with respect to clause (v) and this clause (vi)), and disbursements by, counsel to the Underwriter, (vii) the fees and expenses associated with listing the Offered Shares on the NASDAQ, (viii) all fees and expenses incident to the performance of the Selling Shareholders obligations under this Agreement which are not otherwise specifically provided for herein, including but not limited to the fees and expenses of (1) one counsel for the Selling Shareholder and (2) each additional counsel retained by the Selling Shareholder for the purpose of rendering an opinion on behalf of such Selling Shareholder pursuant to Section 6(j) of this Agreement, and (ix) all other fees, costs and expenses of the nature referred to in Item 14 of Part II of the Registration Statement and (b) the Selling Shareholder agrees to pay any necessary transfer and other stamp taxes and withholding taxes payable in connection with the sale of the Offered Shares to the Underwriter; provided, that, for the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, only the Selling Shareholder, and not the Company, shall be responsible for the taxes described in this clause (b). Except as provided in this Section 4 or in Section 7, Section 9 or Section 10 hereof, the Underwriter shall pay its own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its counsel.
This Section 4 shall not affect or modify any separate, valid agreement relating to the allocation of payment of expenses between the Company, on the one hand, and the Selling Shareholder, on the other hand. The Selling Shareholder shall pay the underwriting discounts and commissions with respect to any Shares sold by it pursuant to this Agreement.
Section 5. Covenant of the Underwriter. The Underwriter covenants with the Company not to take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not, but for such actions, be required to be filed by the Company under Rule 433(d).
Section 6. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriter. The obligation of the Underwriter hereunder to purchase and pay for the Offered Shares as provided herein on the Closing Date shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company and the Selling Shareholder set forth in Section 1 hereof as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as though then made to the timely performance by the Company and the Selling Shareholder of their respective covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional conditions:
(a) Comfort Letter. On the date hereof, the Underwriter shall have received from Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated the date hereof addressed to the Underwriter, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants comfort letters to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect to the audited and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, and each free writing prospectus, if any.
(b) Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from FINRA.
(i) The Company shall have filed the Prospectus with the Commission (including the information previously omitted from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act) in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act; or the Company shall have filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement containing the information previously omitted from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B, and such post-effective amendment shall have become effective.
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(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose shall have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission.
(iii) FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
(c) No Material Adverse Change or Ratings Agency Change. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and through and including the Closing Date:
(i) in the judgment of the Underwriter there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Change; and
(ii) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization as that term is used in Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the Exchange Act.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for the Company. On the Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Company, dated as of such date, in such form and substance as previously agreed to with the Underwriter.
(e) Opinion of the General Counsel for the Company. On the Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received the opinion of the General Counsel for the Company, dated as of such date, in such form and substance as previously agreed to with the Underwriter.
(f) Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriter. On the Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, counsel for the Underwriter in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, dated as of such date.
(g) Officers Certificate. On the Closing Date, the Underwriter shall have received a certificate executed by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of such date, to the effect set forth in Section 6(b)(ii) and further to the effect that:
(i) for the period from and including the date of this Agreement through and including such date, there has not occurred any Material Adverse Change;
(ii) the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company set forth in Section 1(A) of this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made on and as of such date; and
(iii) the Company has complied with all the agreements hereunder and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such date.
(h) CFOs Certificate. On the date hereof and on the Closing Date, the Underwriter shall receive from the Companys Chief Financial Officer a certificate with respect to certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, Time of Sale Prospectus, and each free writing prospectus, if any, and the Prospectus, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.
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(i) Bring-down Comfort Letter. On the Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received from Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, which letter shall: (i) reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant to Section 6(a), except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to the Closing Date; and (ii) cover certain financial information contained in the Prospectus.
(j) Opinions of Counsels for the Selling Shareholder. On the Closing Date the Underwriter shall have received the opinion of (i) Carey Olsen, as Guernsey counsel for the Selling Shareholder, and (ii) Latham & Watkins LLP, as special U.S. counsel for the Selling Shareholder, each dated as of such date, in such form and substance as previously agreed to with the Underwriter.
(k) Selling Shareholders Certificate. On the Closing Date, the Underwriter shall receive a written certificate executed by the Selling Shareholder, dated as of such date, to the effect that:
(i) the representations, warranties and covenants of such Selling Shareholder set forth in Section 1(B) of this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made by such Selling Shareholder on and as of such date; and
(ii) such Selling Shareholder has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such date.
(l) Lock-up Agreements. On or prior to the date hereof, the Company shall have furnished to the Underwriter an agreement in the form of Exhibit A hereto from each of the persons listed on Exhibit B hereto, and each such agreement shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date.
(m) Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. In the event that a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement, such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have been filed with the Commission on the date of this Agreement and shall have become effective automatically upon such filing.
(n) Additional Documents. On or before the Closing Date, the Underwriter and counsel for the Underwriter shall have received such information, documents, certificates and opinions as they may reasonably request for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company or the Selling Shareholder in connection with the sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated herein and in connection with the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Underwriter and counsel for the Underwriter.
If any condition specified in this Section 6 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Underwriter by written notice from the Underwriter to the Company and the Selling Shareholder at any time on or prior to the Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 7. Reimbursement of Underwriters Expenses. If this Agreement is terminated by the Underwriter pursuant to Section 6 or Section 12(i)(a), (v) or (vi), or if the sale to the Underwriter of the Offered Shares on the Closing Date is not consummated because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company or the Selling Shareholder to perform any agreement herein or to comply with any provision hereof, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriter upon demand for all documented out-of-pocket
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expenses that shall have been reasonably incurred by the Underwriter in connection with the proposed purchase and the offering and sale of the Offered Shares, including, but not limited to, fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges.
Section 8. Effectiveness of this Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.
Section 9. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification of the Underwriter by the Company. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or the laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Offered Shares have been offered or sold or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act, any Marketing Material, any Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing), or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and to reimburse the Underwriter and each such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent and controlling person for any and all reasonable and documented expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by the Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Underwriter in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any such free writing prospectus, any Marketing Material, any Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in Section 9(c) below. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company may otherwise have.
(b) Indemnification of the Underwriter by the Selling Shareholder. The Selling Shareholder agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or the laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Offered Shares have been offered or sold or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Selling Shareholder), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect
26
thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act, any Marketing Material, any Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing), or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and to reimburse the Underwriter and each such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent and controlling person for any and all reasonable and documented expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by the Underwriter or such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall apply only to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Selling Shareholder Information furnished to the Company by the Selling Shareholder in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any such free writing prospectus, any Marketing Material, any Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto); provided, further, that the liability of the Selling Shareholder under the indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 9 and Section 10 shall be limited to an amount equal to the total net proceeds (after deducting underwriter discounts and commissions but before deducting offering expenses), to such Selling Shareholder from the sale of Shares sold by such Selling Shareholder (the Selling Shareholder Proceeds).
(c) Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers and the Selling Shareholder by the Underwriter. The Underwriter agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement, the Selling Shareholder and each person, if any, who controls the Company or the Selling Shareholder within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Company, or any such director, officer, Selling Shareholder or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Underwriter), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus, that the Company has used, referred to or filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433 of the Securities Act, any Marketing Materials, any Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any such amendment or supplement) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, such preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, such free writing prospectus, such Marketing Materials, such Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any such amendment or supplement), in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Underwriter in writing expressly for use therein; and to reimburse the Company, or any such director, officer, Selling Shareholder or controlling person for any and all expenses (including the
27
fees and disbursements of counsel) as such expenses are incurred by the Company, or any such director, officer, Selling Shareholder or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action. Each of the Company and the Selling Shareholder hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Underwriter has furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Securities Act, any Section 5(d) Written Communication or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing) are the statements set forth in (i) the second sentence of the third paragraph under the caption Underwriting, (ii) the statements concerning stabilizing transactions and syndicate covering transactions under the caption UnderwritingStabilization and (iv) the first sentence of the first paragraph under the caption UnderwritingElectronic Distribution in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Final Prospectus Supplement. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9(c) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Underwriter may otherwise have.
(d) Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 9 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 9, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party to the extent the indemnifying party is not materially prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure and shall not in any event relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have otherwise than on account of this agreement. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and such indemnified party seeks or intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall elect, jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, that if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense of any such action or that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate counsel to assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of such indemnifying partys election so to assume the defense of such action and approval by the indemnified party of counsel, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section 9 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in accordance with the proviso to the preceding sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with one local counsel in each relevant jurisdiction), representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such action), which counsel (together with one local counsel in each relevant jurisdiction) for the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Underwriter (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 9(a) and Section 9(b) above) or by the Company (in the case of counsel for the indemnified parties referred to in Section 9(b) and Section 9(c) above)) or (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the indemnifying party has authorized in writing the employment of counsel for the indemnified party at the expense of the indemnifying party, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the indemnifying party and shall be paid as they are incurred.
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(e) Settlements. The indemnifying party under this Section 9 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 9(d) hereof, the indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to the date of such settlement and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and does not include an admission of fault or culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of such indemnified party.
Section 10. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in Section 9 is for any reason held to be unavailable to or otherwise insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Shareholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, from the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling Shareholder on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Shareholder on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the Selling Shareholder Proceeds received by the Selling Shareholder, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter, in each case as set forth on the front cover page of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Offered Shares as set forth on such cover. The relative fault of the Company and the Selling Shareholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Selling Shareholder, on the one hand, or the Underwriter, on the other hand, and the parties relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9(d), any documented legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim. The provisions set forth in Section 9(d) with respect to notice of commencement of any action shall apply if a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 10; provided, however, that no additional notice shall be required with respect to any action for which notice has been given under Section 9(d) for purposes of indemnification.
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The Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 10 were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 10.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10, (i) the Underwriter shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions received by it in connection with the Offered Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public and (ii) the Selling Shareholder shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the Selling Shareholder Proceeds. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 10, each affiliate, director, officer, employee and agent of the Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Underwriter, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.
Section 11. [RESERVED.]
Section 12. Termination of this Agreement. Prior to the purchase of the Offered Shares by the Underwriter on the Closing Date, this Agreement may be terminated by the Underwriter by notice given to the Company and the Selling Shareholder if at any time: (i)(a) trading or quotation in any of the Companys securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by the NASDAQ, or (b) trading in securities generally on either the NASDAQ or the New York Stock Exchange shall have been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on any of such stock exchanges; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of federal or New York authorities; (iii) a material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States; (iv) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States or international political, financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Underwriter is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Offered Shares in the manner and on the terms described in the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; (v) in the judgment of the Underwriter there shall have occurred any Material Adverse Change; or (vi) the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the Underwriter may interfere materially with the conduct of the business and operations of the Company regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been insured. Any termination pursuant to this Section 12 shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company or the Selling Shareholder to the Underwriter, except that the Company and the Selling Shareholder shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Underwriter pursuant to Section 4 or Section 7 hereof or (b) the Underwriter to the Company and the Selling Shareholder; provided, however, that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 13. No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship. The Company and the Selling Shareholder acknowledge and agree that (a) the purchase and sale of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Offered Shares and any related discounts and commissions, is an arms-length commercial transaction between the Company and the Selling Shareholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction, the Underwriter is and has been
30
acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company or the Selling Shareholder, or the Companys other stockholders, its creditors, employees or any other party, (c) the Underwriter has not assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company or the Selling Shareholder with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether the Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company or the Selling Shareholder on other matters) and the Underwriter has no obligation to the Company or the Selling Shareholder with respect to the offering contemplated hereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriter and its affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company and the Selling Shareholder, and (e) the Underwriter has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering contemplated hereby and the Company and the Selling Shareholder have consulted their own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent they deemed appropriate.
Section 14. Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, of its officers, of the Selling Shareholder and of the Underwriter set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriter or the Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, or the Selling Shareholder, as the case may be, and, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.
Section 15. Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the parties hereto as follows:
If to the Underwriter: | Jefferies LLC | |
520 Madison Avenue | ||
New York, New York 10022 | ||
Facsimile: (646) 619-4437 | ||
Attention: General Counsel | ||
with a copy to: | Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP | |
200 Park Avenue | ||
New York, New York 10166-0193 | ||
Facsimile: (212) 351-6333 | ||
Attention: Glenn R. Pollner | ||
If to the Company: | Medpace Holdings, Inc. | |
5375 Medpace Way | ||
Cincinnati, Ohio 45227 | ||
Facsimile: (513) 579-0444 | ||
Attention: General Counsel | ||
with a copy to: | Latham & Watkins LLP | |
885 3rd Ave. | ||
New York, New York 10022 | ||
Facsimile: (212) 751-4864 | ||
Attention: Gregory P. Rodgers | ||
If to the Selling Shareholder: | Medpace Limited Partnership | |
East Wing, Trafalgar Court | ||
Les Banques St Peter Port, Guernsey GY1 3PP |
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with a copy to: |
Cinven Partners LLP | |
Warwick Court | ||
Paternoster Square | ||
London EC4M 7AG | ||
Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7661 3888 | ||
Attention: Babett Carrier | ||
with a copy to: |
Latham & Watkins LLP | |
885 3rd Ave. | ||
New York, New York 10022 | ||
Facsimile: (212) 751-4864 | ||
Attention: Gregory P. Rodgers, Benjamin J. Cohen |
Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.
Section 16. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, and to the benefit of the affiliates, directors, officers, employees, agents and controlling persons referred to in Section 9 and Section 10, and in each case their respective successors, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder. The term successors shall not include any purchaser of the Offered Shares as such from the Underwriter merely by reason of such purchase.
Section 17. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.
Section 18. Governing Law Provisions. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed in such state. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York (collectively, the Specified Courts), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court, as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such partys address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the courts listed above and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
Section 19. Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the Company and the Selling Shareholder hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by a jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
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Section 20. [RESERVED.]
Section 21. General Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. The section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it is a sophisticated business person who was adequately represented by counsel during negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, the indemnification provisions of Section 9 and the contribution provisions of Section 10, and is fully informed regarding said provisions. Each of the parties hereto further acknowledges that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 hereof fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate the Company, its affairs and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure has been made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, each free writing prospectus and the Prospectus (and any amendments and supplements to the foregoing), as contemplated by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company and the Selling Shareholder the enclosed copies hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours, | ||||
MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Stephen P. Ewald | |||
Name: | Stephen P. Ewald | |||
Title: | General Counsel and Corporate Secretary |
[Signature Page Underwriting Agreement]
MEDPACE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, | ||||
Acting through its general partner, | ||||
MEDPACE GP LIMITED | ||||
By: | /s/ Belinda Ridout | |||
Name: | Belinda Ridout | |||
Title: | Director |
[Signature Page Underwriting Agreement]
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Underwriter in New York, New York as of the date first above written.
Jefferies LLC | ||||
By: | /s/ Michael Gerardi | |||
Name: | Michael Gerardi | |||
Title: | Managing Director |
[Signature Page Underwriting Agreement]
Schedule A
Selling Shareholder | Number of Offered Shares to be Sold |
|||
Medpace Limited Partnership |
3,000,000 | |||
|
|
|||
Total: |
3,000,000 | |||
|
|
Schedule B
Free Writing Prospectuses Included in the Time of Sale Prospectus
1. | None. |
Schedule C
Permitted Section 5(d) Communications
None.
Exhibit A
Form of Lock-up Agreement
, 2018
Jefferies LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
RE: | Medpace Holdings, Inc. (the Company) |
Ladies & Gentlemen:
The undersigned is an owner of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (Shares) or of securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares. The Company and a selling shareholder propose to conduct a public offering of Shares (the Offering) for which Jefferies LLC will act as underwriter (the Underwriter). The undersigned recognizes that the Offering will benefit each of the Company, such selling shareholder and the undersigned. The undersigned acknowledges that the Underwriter is relying on the representations and agreements of the undersigned contained in this letter agreement in conducting the Offering and, at a subsequent date, in entering into an underwriting agreement (the Underwriting Agreement) and other underwriting arrangements with the Company and the Selling Shareholder with respect to the Offering.
Annex A sets forth definitions for capitalized terms used in this letter agreement that are not defined in the body of this agreement. Those definitions are a part of this agreement.
In consideration of the foregoing, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, during the Lock-up Period, the undersigned will not, and will use its reasonable best efforts to cause any Family Member not to, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter which may withhold their consent in their sole discretion:
| Sell or Offer to Sell any Shares or Related Securities currently or hereafter owned either of record or beneficially (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by the undersigned or such Family Member, |
| enter into any Swap, |
| make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any Shares or Related Securities, or cause to be filed a registration statement, prospectus or prospectus supplement (or an amendment or supplement thereto) with respect to any such registration, or |
| publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing. |
The foregoing will not apply to the registration of the offer and sale of the Offered Shares, and the sale of the Offered Shares to the Underwriter, in each case as contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement. In addition, the foregoing restrictions shall not apply:
(i) | to the transfer of Shares or Related Securities by gift, or by will or intestate succession to a Family Member or to a trust, partnership, limited liability company or other entity for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned and/or a Family Member; |
(ii) | if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, to (1) transfers of Shares or Related Securities to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is a direct or indirect affiliate (as defined under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) of the undersigned or (2) distributions of Shares or Related Securities to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned or holders of similar equity interests in the undersigned; |
(iii) | if the undersigned is a trust, to transfers to the beneficiary of such trust; |
(iv) | to transfers to any investment fund or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned; |
(v) | to transfers to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a disposition or transfer would be permissible under clauses (i) through (iv); |
(vi) | to transfers to the Company (1) pursuant to the exercise, in each case on a cashless or net exercise basis, of any option to purchase Shares granted by the Company pursuant to any employee benefit plans or arrangements described in or filed as an exhibit to the registration statement with respect to the Offering, where any Shares received by the undersigned upon any such exercise will be subject to the terms of this lock-up agreement, or (2) for the purpose of satisfying any withholding taxes (including estimated taxes) due as a result of the exercise of any option to purchase Shares or the vesting of any restricted stock awards granted by the Company pursuant to employee benefit plans or arrangements described in or filed as an exhibit to the registration statement with respect to the Offering, in each case on a cashless or net exercise basis, where any Shares received by the undersigned upon any such exercise or vesting will be subject to the terms of this lock-up agreement; provided that in the case of any transfer to the Company pursuant this clause, any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall state that such transfer to the Company relates to a cashless or net exercise of stock options or a tax withholding of shares in connection with the exercise of stock options or the vesting of a restricted stock award, as applicable, and that any Shares received by the undersigned upon any such exercise or vesting and not transferred to the Company will be continue to be subject to the terms of this lock-up agreement; |
(vii) | to transfers pursuant to an order of a court or regulatory agency; provided that in the case of any transfer pursuant this clause, any filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of Shares, shall state that such transfer is pursuant to an order of a court or regulatory agency, unless such a statement would be prohibited by any applicable law, regulation or order of a court or regulatory authority; |
(viii) | to transfers of Shares acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the Offering; and |
(ix) | in response to a bona fide third-party takeover bid made to all holders of Shares or any other, merger, consolidation, stock exchange or other similar transaction whereby all or substantially all of the Shares are acquired by a third party; |
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provided, however, that in the case of (A) any transfer or distribution pursuant to clauses (i) - (v) above, it shall be a condition to such transfer that both clauses (I) and (II) below are satisfied and (B) any transfer pursuant to clause (viii) above, it shall be a condition to such transfer that clause (II) below is satisfied:
(I) | each transferee executes and delivers to the Underwriter or already has in effect an agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter stating that such transferee is receiving and holding such Shares and/or Related Securities subject to the provisions of this letter agreement and agrees not to Sell or Offer to Sell such Shares and/or Related Securities, engage in any Swap or engage in any other activities restricted under this letter agreement except in accordance with this letter agreement (as if such transferee had been an original signatory hereto), and |
(II) | prior to the expiration of the Lock-up Period, no public disclosure or filing under the Exchange Act by any party to the transfer (donor, donee, transferor or transferee) shall be required, or made voluntarily, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of Shares in connection with such transfer. |
The restrictions described in this letter agreement shall not apply to the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act during the Lock-up Period, provided that no transfers occur under such plan during such Lock-up Period and no public announcement or filing shall be required or voluntarily made by any person in connection therewith during the Lock-up Period.
In addition, if the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (i) the Underwriter agrees that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of Shares, the Underwriter will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (ii) the Company (in accordance with the provisions of the Underwriting Agreement) will announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by the Underwriter hereunder to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if both (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this letter agreement that are applicable to the transferor to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.
The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Companys transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of Shares or Related Securities held by the undersigned and the undersigneds Family Members, if any, except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.
With respect to the Offering only, the undersigned waives any registration rights relating to registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any Shares and/or any Related Securities owned either of record or beneficially by the undersigned, including any rights to receive notice of the Offering.
The undersigned confirms that the undersigned has not, and has no knowledge that any Family Member has, directly or indirectly, taken any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale of the Offered Shares. The undersigned will not, and will use reasonable efforts to cause any Family Member not to take, directly or indirectly, any such action.
Whether or not the Offering occurs as currently contemplated or at all depends on market conditions and other factors. The Offering will only be made pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter.
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The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power, capacity and authority to enter into this letter agreement. This letter agreement is irrevocable and will be binding on the undersigned and the successors, heirs, personal representatives and assigns of the undersigned.
If (i) the Company notifies the Underwriter in writing that it does not intend to proceed with the Offering, (ii) the Underwriting Agreement is not executed before June 30, 2018 or (iii) the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof that survive termination) terminates or is terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Offered Shares, then in each case, this letter agreement shall automatically, and without any action on the part of any other party, terminate and be of no further force and effect, and the undersigned shall automatically be released from the obligations under this letter agreement.
This letter agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
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Signature |
Printed Name of Person Signing |
(Indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian or trustee, or on behalf of an entity) |
Certain Defined Terms
Used in Lock-up Agreement
For purposes of the letter agreement to which this Annex A is attached and of which it is made a part:
| Call Equivalent Position shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act. |
| Exchange Act shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| Family Member shall mean the spouse of the undersigned, an immediate family member of the undersigned or an immediate family member of the undersigneds spouse, in each case living in the undersigneds household or whose principal residence is the undersigneds household (regardless of whether such spouse or family member may at the time be living elsewhere due to educational activities, health care treatment, military service, temporary internship or employment or otherwise). Immediate family member as used above shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(e) under the Exchange Act. |
| Lock-up Period shall mean the period beginning on the date hereof and continuing through the close of trading on the date that is 45 days after the date of the Prospectus (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement). |
| Put Equivalent Position shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act. |
| Related Securities shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire Shares or any securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares. |
| Securities Act shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| Sell or Offer to Sell shall mean to: |
1. | sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or lend, |
2. | effect any short sale or establish or increase a Put Equivalent Position or liquidate or decrease any Call Equivalent Position, |
3. | pledge, hypothecate or grant any security interest in, or |
4. | in any other way transfer or dispose of, |
in each case whether effected directly or indirectly.
| Swap shall mean any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of Shares or Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise. |
Capitalized terms not defined in this Annex A shall have the meanings given to them in the body of this lock-up agreement.
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Exhibit B
Directors, Officers, Selling Shareholder and Significant Stockholders
Signing Lock-up Agreement
Directors: |
Officers: | |
Dr. August J. Troendle* | Susan E. Burwig | |
Bruce Brown | Stephen P. Ewald | |
Brian T. Carley | Jesse J. Geiger | |
Robert O. Kraft | ||
John R. Richardson | ||
Anastasya Molodykh | ||
Dr. Supraj R. Rajagopalan | ||
* Also an Officer |
||
Selling Shareholder: | Significant Stockholders: | |
Medpace Limited Partnership | Medpace Investors, LLC |
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