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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Schedule of Components of Income Before Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Domestic	$	117,326	$	88,014	$	52,986
Foreign jurisdictions		7,506		5,937		3,959
Income before income taxes	$	124,832	$	93,951	$	56,945

Schedule of Income Tax Provision

Income tax provision consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Current		Deferred			Total
Year ended December 31, 2019
U.S. Federal	$	10,577	$	8,922		$	19,499
U.S. state and local		1,761		987			2,748
Foreign jurisdictions		2,023		119			2,142
	$	14,361	$	10,028		$	24,389

Year ended December 31, 2018
U.S. Federal	$	13,372	$	4,172		$	17,544
U.S. state and local		1,912		(116	)		1,796
Foreign jurisdictions		1,408		18			1,426
	$	16,692	$	4,074		$	20,766

Year ended December 31, 2017
U.S. Federal	$	10,953	$	3,466		$	14,419
U.S. state and local		2,032		51			2,083
Foreign jurisdictions		1,576		(255	)		1,321
	$	14,561	$	3,262		$	17,823

Summary Of Difference Between Statutory Rate for Federal Income Tax and Effective Income Tax Rate

The difference between the statutory rate for federal income tax and the effective income tax rate was as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					2017
Income tax expense calculated at the federal statutory rate	$	26,215		21.0	%	$	19,730		21.0	%	$	19,931		35.0	%
Effect of:
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit		2,021		1.6			1,978		2.1			1,606		2.8
Tax on foreign earnings, net of tax credits and deductions		593		0.4			172		0.2			(69	)	(0.1	)
Tax reform adjustment		-		-			(195	)	(0.2	)		(3,418	)	(6.0	)
Write off of Deferred Tax Assets		-		-			509		0.6			-		-
Deferred credit		(802	)	(0.6	)		(802	)	(0.9	)		(1,053	)	(1.9	)
Permanent items:
Stock-based awards		(3,011	)	(2.4	)		(651	)	(0.7	)		(179	)	(0.3	)
Tax reform		-		-			126		0.1			574		1.0
Deduction for FDII		(2,283	)	(1.8	)		-		-			-		-
Other		964		0.8			687		0.7			483		0.9
State/Local tax credits		(793	)	(0.6	)		(1,253	)	(1.3	)		(1,187	)	(2.1	)
Foreign tax credits		-		-			(727	)	(0.8	)		-		-
Change in liability for uncertain tax positions		1,325		1.0			1,102		1.2			1,141		2.0
Other		160		0.1			90		0.1			(6	)	(0.0	)
	$	24,389		19.5	%	$	20,766		22.1	%	$	17,823		31.3	%

Schedule of Components of Company's Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability)

Components of the Company’s net deferred tax asset (liability) included in the consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):


	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities	$	12,229		$	18,670
Depreciation and amortization		1,121			872
Foreign operating loss carryforward		447			248
U.S. state and local tax credits and carryforward		184			223
Other		96			41
Valuation allowance		(755	)		(169	)
Total deferred tax assets		13,322			19,885

Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization		(21,787	)		(18,803	)
Prepaid expenses		(808	)		(550	)
Advanced billings		(3,147	)		-
Other		(53	)		(258	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(25,795	)		(19,611	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	(12,473	)	$	274

Schedule of Annual Activity Related to Valuation Allowance

Annual activity related to the Company’s valuation allowance is as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Beginning Balance	$	169		$	2,394		$	987
Additions charged to expense		375			-			-
Additions due to asset acquisition		265			-			2,033
Reductions from utilization, reassessments and expirations		(54	)		(2,225	)		3
Remeasurement due to effect of tax reform		-			-			(629	)
Ending Balance	$	755		$	169		$	2,394

Schedule of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Beginning Balance	$	8,525		$	6,890		$	5,698
Increases in tax positions for prior years		-			-			5
Decreases in tax positions for prior years		(888	)		(579	)		-
Increases in tax positions for current year		2,081			2,214			1,187
Lapse in statute of limitations		-			-			-
Ending Balance	$	9,718		$	8,525		$	6,890

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 131,920	$ 23,275
Restricted cash	0	7
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net (includes $1.9 million and $3.8 million with related parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	155,662	133,449
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,446	21,383
Total current assets	317,028	178,114
Property and equipment, net	47,292	52,255
Operating lease right-of-use assets	52,152	0
Goodwill	662,396	660,981
Intangible assets, net	54,350	69,179
Deferred income taxes	376	713
Other assets	9,477	6,691
Total assets	1,143,071	967,933
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (includes $0.2 million and $0.3 million with related parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	22,404	16,737
Accrued expenses	109,252	87,493
Advanced billings (includes $3.0 million and $0.4 million with related parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)	192,359	147,935
Other current liabilities	18,987	4,861
Total current liabilities	343,002	257,026
Long-term debt, net, less current portion	0	79,721
Operating lease liabilities	45,212	0
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion	0	24,484
Deferred income tax liability	12,849	439
Other long-term liabilities	15,725	16,560
Total liabilities	416,788	378,230
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 12)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock - $0.01 par-value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	0	0
Common stock - $0.01 par-value; 250,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively; 36,065,278 and 35,665,910 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	360	356
Treasury stock - 200,000 shares at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	(6,030)	(6,030)
Additional paid-in capital	666,585	639,381
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	68,109	(41,487)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,741)	(2,517)
Total shareholders’ equity	726,283	589,703
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 1,143,071	$ 967,933

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Parenthetical) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Direct Service Revenue
Revenue with related parties	$ 11.1
Reimbursed Out of Pocket Revenue
Revenue with related parties	$ 1.5

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 7,876
2021	5,114
2022	3,353
2023	2,199
2024	1,443
Later years	2,719
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 22,704	$ 37,533

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax Provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Loss From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Minority Interest And Income Loss From Equity Method Investments [Abstract]
U.S. Federal, Current	$ 10,577	$ 13,372	$ 10,953
U.S. Federal, Deferred	8,922	4,172	3,466
U.S. Federal, Total	19,499	17,544	14,419
U.S. state and local, Current	1,761	1,912	2,032
U.S. state and local, Deferred	987	(116)	51
U.S. state and local, Total	2,748	1,796	2,083
Foreign jurisdictions, Current	2,023	1,408	1,576
Foreign jurisdictions, Deferred	119	18	(255)
Foreign jurisdictions, Total	2,142	1,426	1,321
Income tax provision (benefit), Current	14,361	16,692	14,561
Income tax provision (benefit), Deferred	10,028	4,074	3,262
Income tax provision (benefit), Total	$ 24,389	$ 20,766	$ 17,823

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 100,443	$ 73,185	$ 39,122
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	8,360	9,240	8,574
Amortization	14,829	29,561	37,900
Stock-based compensation expense	20,741	6,499	4,463
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount	954	615	662
Noncash lease expense	9,949	0	0
Deferred income tax provision	10,050	3,942	3,237
Amortization and adjustment of deferred credit	(801)	(7,712)	(8,781)
Other	1,754	1,653	(673)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net	(21,256)	(27,047)	(2,898)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,381)	(1,241)	(3,533)
Accounts payable	4,730	1,342	4,816
Accrued expenses	21,824	29,029	(1,313)
Pre-funded study costs	0	0	5,292
Advanced billings	44,584	35,593	7,735
Lease liabilities	(9,034)	0	0
Other assets and liabilities, net	2,121	1,925	2,782
Net cash provided by operating activities	201,867	156,584	97,385
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Property and equipment expenditures	(17,912)	(16,024)	(11,724)
Acquisition of intangibles	0	0	(569)
Other	(1,232)	(949)	56
Net cash used in investing activities	(19,144)	(16,973)	(12,237)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from stock option exercises	6,520	2,489	1,812
Repurchases of common stock	0	0	(155,583)
Payment of debt	(80,438)	(72,188)	(12,375)
Proceeds from revolving loan	0	0	100,000
Payments on revolving loan	0	(70,000)	(30,000)
Payment of deemed landlord liability	0	(1,881)	(1,682)
Net cash used in financing activities	(73,918)	(141,580)	(97,828)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	(167)	(1,241)	1,765
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	108,638	(3,210)	(10,915)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — Beginning of period	23,282	26,492	37,407
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — End of period	131,920	23,282	26,492
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION—
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	13,235	23,311	17,180
Cash paid during the period for interest	1,489	7,589	6,888
Acquisition of property and equipment—non-cash	$ 2,529	$ 1,551	$ 678

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Restricted Share Activity (Details) - Restricted Shares (RSAs and RSUs) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding and unvested - beginning of period	421,200	183,629	59,258
Granted	227,610	300,200	156,000
Vested	0	(29,629)	(29,629)
Forfeited	(79,040)	(33,000)	(2,000)
Outstanding and unvested - end of period	569,770	421,200	183,629
Cumulative vested shares - end of period	1,913,916	1,913,916	1,884,287

Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Minimum purchase commitments for project related supplies	$ 11.9
Minimum purchase commitments, description	The Company has several minimum purchase commitments for project related supplies totaling $11.9 million as of December 31, 2019. In return for the commitment, Medpace receives preferential pricing. The commitments expire at various times through 2026.

Property and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2011 Agreement RenewalOption
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation \| $	$ 8,360	$ 9,240	$ 8,574
Number of lease agreements \| Agreement				2
Lease occupancy year				2012
Lease expiration year				2027
Number of lease renewal, 10-year option \| RenewalOption				1
Lease term upon renewal				10 years
Term of lease	15 years

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

7. DEBT

Debt consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):



	2019		2018
Term loan	$	-	$	80,438
Less unamortized discount		-		(282	)
Less unamortized term loan debt issuance costs		-		(435	)
Long-term debt, net, less current portion	$	-	$	79,721

2019 Credit Agreement

On September 30, 2019 (the “Closing Date”), the Company obtained a new unsecured credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $50.0 million (the “Credit Facility”) through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Medpace, Inc., as borrower (the “Borrower”), and Medpace IntermediateCo, Inc., as guarantor (the “Guarantor”).

On the Closing Date, the Borrower and lender entered into a Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) providing for the Credit Facility, and the Guarantor executed a Guaranty Agreement providing for its guarantee of the payment and performance of the obligations under the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement provides that outstanding balances under the Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 100 basis points (1.00%). The Loan Agreement also provides that the Credit Facility will expire in 364 days from the Closing Date.

The Loan Agreement contains other customary loan terms, representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, in each case, subject to customary limitations, exceptions and exclusions. The Loan Agreement contains certain events of default, including, among others, non-payment of principal or interest and breach of the covenants.

As of December 31, 2019, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility and $0.2 million in letters of credit outstanding related to certain operating lease obligations, which are secured by the Credit Facility.

The Loan Agreement replaced the Company’s senior secured credit agreement dated as of December 8, 2016 (the “Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement”), which was terminated on September 30, 2019 (the “Termination Date”). As of September 30, 2019, no amounts were drawn under the Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement and no fees or penalties were incurred as a result of the termination, other than the payment of accrued commitment fees of $0.1 million through the Termination Date. In addition, on the Termination Date, the Company recorded unamortized loan issuance fees of $0.7 million, consisting of $0.5 million in Selling, general and administrative and $0.2 million of interest expense, during the third quarter of 2019, representing unamortized loan origination fees and loan discounts, respectively, associated with the Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement.

2016 Credit Agreement

On December 8, 2016, Medpace IntermediateCo, Inc., as borrower, and Medpace Acquisition, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Medpace Holdings, Inc., as parent guarantor (the “Parent Guarantor”), entered into the Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement consisting of a $165.0 million term loan (the “Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility”) issued at 99.7% and a $150.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility, the “Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility and Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility were set to expire in December 2021, but were terminated on September 30, 2019.

The Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities provided for, at the Company’s option, interest at the Eurocurrency rate or Base rate for the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility and the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility borrowings. The Company, at its discretion, could choose interest periods of one, two, three or six months, which determines the interest rate to be applied. Interest on Eurocurrency loans was payable at the end of the selected Eurocurrency term and interest on Base rate loans were payable quarterly in conjunction with any required principal payments.

Borrowings under the Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities bore interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the adjusted Eurocurrency rate based on LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits for loans denominated in dollars, EURIBOR for Euro deposits for loans denominated in Euros and the offer rate for any other currencies for loans denominated in such other currencies for the relevant interest period plus an applicable margin from 1.25% to 2.25% based on the total net leverage ratio from less than 1.50:1.00 to greater than 3.75:1:00, or (ii) an alternative base rate (determined by reference to the highest of (a) the prime commercial lending rate of the administrative agent, as established from time to time, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one-month adjusted Eurocurrency rate for loans in U.S. dollars plus 1.00%) plus an applicable margin from 0.25% to 1.25% based on the total net leverage ratio from less than 1.50:1.00 to greater than 3.75:1:00. The applicable margin as of December 31, 2018 was 1.25% for eurocurrency loans and 0.25% for base rate loans. The Company was able to voluntarily prepay outstanding loans under the Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities without premium or penalty. As of December 31, 2018, the interest rate applicable on the term loan was the Eurocurrency interest rate of 3.77%.

In addition, the Company was required to pay to the lenders a commitment fee on a quarterly basis at an annual rate of 0.375% of the unused borrowings under the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility for the first full fiscal quarter after the closing date, and thereafter 0.50% if the total net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 3.00:1.00, or 0.375% if the total net leverage ratio is less than 3.00:1.00. At December 31, 2018 the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $149.8 million in undrawn capacity available under the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2018, the interest rate applicable on the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility was the Eurocurrency interest rate of 3.77%. In addition, the Company had $0.2 million in letters of credit outstanding, which were secured by the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2018.

The original issue discount of $0.5 million related to the issuance of the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility was recorded as a reduction of the underlying debt issuances within Long-term debt, net, less current portion and was being amortized over the life of the debt using the effective-interest method. The unamortized portion of the discount related to the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2018. Per the terms of the Prior Senior Secured Credit Term Loan Facility, principal was scheduled to be paid quarterly on the last business day of March, June, September and December of each year, beginning March 2017.

Origination fees of $0.8 million related to the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility were recorded as a reduction of the underlying debt issuances in Long-term debt, net. These fees were being amortized over the life of the debt using the effective-interest method. The unamortized portion of the origination fees related to the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility was $0.4 million at December 31, 2018.

In the second quarter of 2019, the Company paid off its remaining outstanding obligations against its Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility. Upon satisfaction of the outstanding obligations of the Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility, the Company recorded unamortized term loan issuance fees of $0.3 million to Selling, general and administrative expenses and the unamortized discount of $0.2 million to Interest expense, net.

Origination fees of $1.6 million related to the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility were originally capitalized as a component of Other assets. These fees were being amortized over the life of the debt using the effective-interest method. The unamortized portion of the origination fees related to the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility were $0.9 million at December 31, 2018.

The Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities were guaranteed by the Parent Guarantor and its material, direct or indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries, with certain exceptions, including where providing such guarantees is not permitted by law, regulation or contract or would result in adverse tax consequences. The Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities were subject to customary covenants relating to financial ratios and restrictions on certain types of transactions, including restricting the Company's ability to incur additional indebtedness, acquire and dispose of assets, make investments, pay dividends, or engage in mergers and acquisitions. The Company was required to maintain a ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness minus unrestricted cash and cash equivalents (in the aggregate not to exceed $50 million and to include not more than $25 million of foreign unrestricted cash and cash equivalents) to consolidated EBITDA for the most recent four fiscal quarter period not to exceed 4.00:1.00; provided that the Company shall be permitted to increase the ratio to 4.50:1.00 in connection with any permitted acquisition or any other acquisition consented to by the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders (as defined in the Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement) with total cash consideration in excess of $25 million. Such increase shall be applicable for the fiscal quarter in which such acquisition is consummated and the three consecutive test periods thereafter. The Company was also required to maintain a ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, in each case for the most recent four fiscal quarter period, of not less than 3.00:1.00. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2018.

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Grant Date Fair Value and Stock-based Compensation Expense Allocated (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 20,741	$ 6,499	$ 4,463
Stock Options
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Weighted average, grant date fair value	$ 14.06	$ 11.51	$ 8.54
Restricted Shares (RSAs and RSUs)
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Weighted average, grant date fair value	$ 60.53	$ 49.38	$ 31.90
Total Direct Costs
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 6,999	$ 4,132	$ 2,128
Selling, General and Administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 13,742	$ 2,367	$ 2,335

Entity Wide Disclosures - Summary of Revenue by Major Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 229,886	$ 216,238	$ 214,104	$ 200,741	$ 192,115	$ 179,253	$ 170,144	$ 163,077	$ 860,969	$ 704,589	$ 436,152
Oncology
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									256,766	189,056
Other
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									222,514	163,983
Metabolic
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									138,650	124,837
Cardiology
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									91,258	95,213
AVAI
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									86,390	77,271
Central Nervous System
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									65,391	54,229
Revenue Net
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 860,969	$ 704,589	$ 0

Cash Flow Statement - Supplemental Information - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Acquisition of net assets	$ 0.7
Deferred tax assets, net	21.1
Deferred tax liabilities, net	0.1
Deferred credits within other long term liabilities	20.3
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net	0.6
Other assets	$ 0.1

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued Liabilities And Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Employee compensation and benefits	$ 34,119	$ 31,344
Project related reimbursable expenses	68,696	51,109
Other	6,437	5,040
Total accrued expenses	$ 109,252	$ 87,493

Shareholder's Equity - Schedule of Aggregate Intrinsic Value of Stock Options Exercised, Fair Values of Awards Vested, and Share Based Liabilities Settled (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$ 19,807	$ 5,326	$ 1,619
Total grant-date fair value of stock options vested	12,117	1,417	1,317
Restricted Shares (RSAs and RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total grant-date fair value of restricted shares vested	0	447	447
Total settlement date fair value of restricted shares vested	$ 0	$ 1,568	$ 1,074

Entity Wide Disclosures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Entity Wide Disclosures [Abstract]

Entity Wide Disclosures

16. ENTITY WIDE DISCLOSURES

Operations By Geographic Location

The Company conducts operations in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America through wholly-owned subsidiaries and representative sales offices. The Company attributes revenue to geographical locations based upon the location of the contracting entity. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, total revenue attributable to the U.S. represented approximately 95% and 97%, respectively, of total consolidated total revenue.

The following table summarizes property and equipment, net by geographic region and is further broken down to show countries which account for 10% or more of total as of December 31, if any (in thousands):


	2019		2018
Property and equipment, net:
United States	$	25,603	$	38,609
Europe
Belgium		10,045		6,014
Other		5,728		5,500
Total Europe		15,773		11,514
Asia-Pacific		5,671		1,930
Other		245		202
Total property and equipment, net	$	47,292	$	52,255

Revenue by Category

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Therapeutic Area
Oncology	$	256,766	$	189,056
Other		222,514		163,983
Metabolic		138,650		124,837
Cardiology		91,258		95,213
AVAI		86,390		77,271
Central Nervous System		65,391		54,229
Total revenue	$	860,969	$	704,589

In the current year and for all periods presented, the revenue associated with medical device projects, previously a separate therapeutic area, has been included in the respective therapeutic area that best aligns with the therapeutic focus of the medical device project and represents how management evaluates disaggregated revenue in its internal reporting.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Unbilled receivables	$ 28,368	$ 49,361
Advanced billings	$ 192,359	$ 147,935

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Number of Stock Options, Outstanding - beginning of Period	2,945,040	2,782,868	2,350,166
Number of Stock Options, Granted	859,960	584,301	853,896
Number of Stock Options, Exercised	(399,368)	(169,771)	(116,787)
Number of Stock Options, Forfeited/Expired	(375,561)	(252,358)	(304,407)
Number of Stock Options, Outstanding - end of period	3,030,071	2,945,040	2,782,868
Number of Stock Options, Exercisable - end of period	1,435,088	1,096,116	917,592
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding - beginning of Period	$ 24.18	$ 20.73	$ 17.57
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	54.97	37.72	28.67
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised	16.19	14.98	15.52
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited/Expired	19.91	23.69	20.55
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding - end of period	34.50	24.18	20.73
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable - end of period	$ 38.62	$ 16.01	$ 15.40

Cash Flow Statement - Supplemental Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Cash Flow Statement - Supplemental Information

15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT – SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company engaged in the following significant non-cash investing and financing activities:

•

Acquired net assets totaling $0.7 million consisting of net Deferred tax assets of $21.1 million, offset by net Deferred tax liabilities of $0.1 million and deferred credits within Other long term liabilities of $20.3 million in exchange for Accounts receivable and unbilled, net of $0.6 million and Other assets of $0.1 million.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Fair value assets measured on non-recurring basis	$ 1,143,071	$ 967,933
Goodwill	662,396	$ 660,981
Accumulated goodwill impairment losses to date	9,300
Fair Value Measurement Non-Recurring \| Level 3
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Fair value assets measured on non-recurring basis	694,000
Goodwill	662,400
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	$ 31,600

Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 08, 2016	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Drawn amount						$ 0	$ 0	$ 100,000,000
Unamortized issue discount						0	282,000
Cash and cash equivalents						131,920,000	$ 23,275,000
Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings						0
Outstanding letters of credit						200,000
Maximum \| Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount	$ 50,000,000.0		$ 50,000,000.0			$ 50,000,000.0
Loan Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Drawn amount	0
Unamortized term loan issuance fees	0		0
Accrued commitment fees	$ 100,000
Amortized loan issuance fees			700,000
Loan Agreement \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses \| Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortized loan issuance fees			500,000
Loan Agreement \| Interest Expense, Net \| Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortized loan issuance fees			$ 200,000
Loan Agreement \| Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points	1.00%
Debt instrument, term	364 days
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Description of variable interest rate basis						Borrowings under the Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities bore interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the adjusted Eurocurrency rate based on LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits for loans denominated in dollars, EURIBOR for Euro deposits for loans denominated in Euros and the offer rate for any other currencies for loans denominated in such other currencies for the relevant interest period plus an applicable margin from 1.25% to 2.25% based on the total net leverage ratio from less than 1.50:1.00 to greater than 3.75:1:00, or (ii) an alternative base rate (determined by reference to the highest of (a) the prime commercial lending rate of the administrative agent, as established from time to time, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one-month adjusted Eurocurrency rate for loans in U.S. dollars plus 1.00%) plus an applicable margin from 0.25% to 1.25% based on the total net leverage ratio from less than 1.50:1.00 to greater than 3.75:1:00. The applicable margin as of December 31, 2018 was 1.25% for eurocurrency loans and 0.25% for base rate loans.
Ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA							4.00
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Eurocurrency Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							1.25%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Federal Funds Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							0.50%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| One-Month Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							1.00%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							0.25%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings							$ 0
Outstanding letters of credit							$ 200,000
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 150,000,000.0
Expiration date		2021-12
Commitment fee percentage					0.375%
Total net leverage ratio limit to determine commitment fee							3.00
Undrawn capacity							$ 149,800,000
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility \| Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities - Scenario 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage							0.50%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility \| Prior Senior Secured Credit Facilities - Scenario 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage							0.375%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility \| Eurocurrency Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate applicable							3.77%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Minimum \| Eurocurrency Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							1.25%
Debt instrument, total net leverage ratio							3.75
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Minimum \| Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							0.25%
Debt instrument, total net leverage ratio							3.75
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA							4.50
Cash consideration							$ 25,000,000
Ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense							3.00
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Maximum \| Unrestricted
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents							$ 50,000,000
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Maximum \| Foreign \| Unrestricted
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents							$ 25,000,000
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Maximum \| Eurocurrency Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							2.25%
Debt instrument, total net leverage ratio							1.50
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Maximum \| Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis points							1.25%
Debt instrument, total net leverage ratio							1.50
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized term loan issuance fees		$ 800,000					$ 400,000
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 165,000,000.0
Debt instrument percentage of face value issued		99.70%
Expiration date		2021-12
Unamortized issue discount		$ 500,000					$ 300,000
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized term loan issuance fees				$ 300,000
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Term Loan Facility \| Interest Expense, Net
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt discount				$ 200,000
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate applicable							3.77%
Prior Senior Secured Credit Agreement \| Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized term loan issuance fees		$ 1,600,000					$ 900,000

Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Option	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2011
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Lease renewal term, operating lease				10 years
Lease not yet commenced, future payments	$ 133.0
Rent expense under ASC 840		$ 9.2	$ 7.9
Real Estate and Equipment
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Lease renewal term, operating lease	20 years
Description of option to extend the lease	Many of the Company’s leases include options to extend the leases on a month to month basis or for set periods for up to 20 years.
Operating lease, existense of option to extend	true
Description of option to terminate the lease	Many leases also include options to terminate the leases within one year or per other contractual terms.
Lessee, operating lease, existence of option to terminate	true
Real Estate and Equipment \| Minimum
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term, operating lease	1 year
Real Estate and Equipment \| Maximum
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term, operating lease	20 years
Operating lease, options to terminate lease term	1 year
Corporate Offices
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Initial term of operating lease not yet commenced	20 years
Lease not yet commenced, option to extend	true
Lease not yet commenced, option to extend description	renewal option for two 10-year terms at prevailing market rates.
Operating lease not yet commenced, renewal term	10 years
Operating lease not yet commenced, number of renewal option \| Option	2
Corporate Offices \| Cincinnati, Ohio
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Lease not yet commenced, future payments	$ 124.0

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities - Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Account Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts - beginning balance	$ (1,032)	$ (673)	$ (3,222)
Current year provision	(263)	(791)	(250)
Write-offs, recoveries and the effects of foreign currency exchange	712	432	2,799
Allowance for doubtful accounts - ending balance	$ (583)	$ (1,032)	$ (673)

Leases - Schedule of Minimum Annual Payments Required in Conjunction with Landlord Liability under ASC 840 (Details) - Deemed Landlord Liabilities $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Schedule Of Capital Leased Assets [Line Items]
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, 2019	$ 3,918
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, 2020	3,988
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, 2021	4,039
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, 2022	4,092
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, 2023	4,145
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Thereafter	15,697
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Total	35,879
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, 2019	1,818
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, 2020	1,662
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, 2021	1,490
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, 2022	1,301
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, 2023	1,095
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, Thereafter	1,929
Related Party Minimum Lease Payments, Interest, Total	9,295
Total Principal Amounts Due, 2019	2,100
Total Principal Amounts Due, 2020	2,326
Total Principal Amounts Due, 2021	2,549
Total Principal Amounts Due, 2022	2,791
Total Principal Amounts Due, 2023	3,050
Total Principal Amounts Due, Thereafter	13,768
Total Principal Amounts Due, Total	$ 26,584

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ 117,326	$ 88,014	$ 52,986
Foreign jurisdictions	7,506	5,937	3,959
Income before income taxes	$ 124,832	$ 93,951	$ 56,945

Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Employee Benefit Plans

10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company provides a 401(k) plan that covers substantially all U.S. employees. Participants can elect to contribute up to 50% of their eligible earnings on a pre-tax basis, subject to Internal Revenue Service annual limitations.

The U.S.-based plan offers a year-end employer matching contribution, requiring the participant to be an employee at year-end to qualify for the match. Participants with one year or more of service are eligible for the matching contribution. Participants fully vest in the employer contributions after three years of service. The employer contribution represents a percentage of a participant’s eligible compensation. The Company’s 401(k) Plan costs were $3.1 million, $2.7 million and $2.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and were allocated between Total direct costs, and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has various defined contribution arrangements for eligible employees of non-U.S. entities. These defined contribution arrangements provide employees with retirement savings and life insurance benefits. The Company incurred expenses related to these arrangements of $1.2 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and were allocated between Total direct costs, and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company is also required to pay certain minimum statutory post-employment benefits. The Company recognizes a liability and the associated expense for these benefits when it is probable that employees are entitled to the benefit.

Entity Wide Disclosures - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
U.S. \| Total Revenue \| Geographical Locations
Product And Services Information [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue to consolidated total revenue	95.00%	97.00%

Property and Equipment, Net - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 78,921	$ 85,366
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(31,629)	(33,111)
Property and equipment, net	47,292	52,255
Land
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	1,577	1,240
Equipment
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	20,225	15,437
Furniture, fixtures, and leasehold improvements
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	24,624	20,892
Computer hardware, software, and phone equipment
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	15,958	11,566
Buildings
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	13,272	8,145
Deemed assets from landlord building construction
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost		22,752
Construction-in-Progress
Property Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 3,265	$ 5,334

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

Total assets carried on the balance sheet and not remeasured to fair value on a recurring basis, identified as Level 3 measurements, as of December 31, 2019 are $694.0 million, comprised of $662.4 million of goodwill and $31.6 million of identified indefinite-lived intangible assets. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses to date amounts to $9.3 million, all of which was recognized in 2015.

Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):



	2019			2018
Intangible assets:
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Carrying amount:
Customer relationships	$	145,051		$	145,051
Developed technologies		54,475			54,475
Other		3,074			3,074
Total finite-lived intangible assets		202,600			202,600
Accumulated amortization:
Customer relationships		(122,426	)		(110,636	)
Developed technologies		(54,475	)		(51,751	)
Other		(2,995	)		(2,680	)
Total accumulated amortization		(179,896	)		(165,067	)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net		22,704			37,533
Trade name (indefinite-lived)		31,646			31,646
Total intangible assets, net	$	54,350		$	69,179

As of December 31, 2019, estimated amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

	Amortization
2020	$	7,876
2021		5,114
2022		3,353
2023		2,199
2024		1,443
Later years		2,719
	$	22,704

Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details)		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 11, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 Director	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Agreement RenewalOption Building	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) RenewalOption	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2011 Agreement RenewalOption	Dec. 31, 2016 Parcel	Dec. 31, 2012 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net				$ 1,900,000	$ 3,800,000
Advanced billings				$ 3,000,000.0	400,000
Term of lease				15 years
Number of lease renewal, 10-year option \| RenewalOption							1
Lease term upon renewal							10 years
Operating lease cost recognized				$ 13,151,000
Lease expense recognized under 840					9,200,000	$ 7,900,000
Operating lease right-of-use assets				52,152,000	0
Current portion of lease liability				10,977,000
Long-term portion of lease liabilities				45,212,000	0
Lease expiration year							2027
Number of lease agreements \| Agreement							2
Lease occupancy year							2012
Deemed landlord liability, long-term portions, under ASC 840				0	24,484,000
Accounts payable due to related parties				200,000	300,000
Cinven
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Members of board of directors resigned as result of remaining shares of common stock sold \| Director		3
Travel expenses with related party						100,000
Director fees with related party					100,000	100,000
Cinven \| Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Travel expenses with related party					100,000
Employee Loans \| Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets and Other Assets
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Employee advances receivables				200,000	$ 200,000
Service Agreements \| Coherus Bio Sciences Inc
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount of investment									$ 2,500,000
Service agreement cancellation notice period					30 days
Revenue with related parties						8,000,000.0
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses with related parties						1,300,000
Service Agreements \| Xenon
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties			$ 600,000
Reimbursed out-of-pocket revenue with related parties			100,000
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses with related parties			$ 100,000
Service Agreements \| Cymabay
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties						600,000
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net				1,400,000	$ 2,500,000
Advanced billings				1,600,000
Service Agreements \| Cymabay \| Revenue Net
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties				13,200,000	10,800,000
Service Agreements \| Cymabay \| Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Advanced billings					100,000
Service Agreements \| LIB
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties						1,400,000
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net				300,000	1,000,000.0
Advanced billings				500,000	300,000
Service Agreements \| LIB \| Revenue Net
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties				2,000,000.0	3,700,000
Service Agreements \| CinRx Pharma and Subsidiaries
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties						400,000
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net				200,000	400,000
Advanced billings				900,000	100,000
Service Agreements \| CinRx Pharma and Subsidiaries \| Revenue Net
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue with related parties				3,700,000	500,000
Service Agreements \| The Summit
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Expenses incurred				$ 600,000	$ 400,000
Purchase of Real Estate Properties \| Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of parcel in real estate property \| Parcel								4
Purchase price of real estate property	$ 400,000
Transaction closed date	Jan. 11, 2017
Leased Real Estate
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of lease renewal, 10-year option \| RenewalOption					2
Lease term upon renewal					10 years
Lease expiration year					2040
Leased Real Estate \| Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Term of lease				12 years
Lease expiration period				2022-11
Number of lease renewal, 10-year option \| RenewalOption				1
Lease term upon renewal				10 years
Lease expense recognized under 840					$ 2,200,000	2,100,000
Leased Real Estate \| Chief Executive Officer \| Direct Service Costs, Excluding Depreciation and Amortization, and Selling, General and Administrative
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Operating lease cost recognized				$ 2,000,000.0
Leased Real Estate \| Chief Executive Officer And Immediate Family
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Term of lease				15 years
Number of lease renewal, 10-year option \| RenewalOption				1
Lease term upon renewal				10 years
Lease expiration year				2027
Number of lease agreements \| Agreement				2
Number of buildings \| Building				2
Lease occupancy year				2012
Related party capital lease payments under ASC 840					3,800,000	3,800,000
Deemed landlord liability, current, under ASC 840					2,100,000
Deemed landlord liability, long-term portions, under ASC 840					24,500,000
Leased Real Estate \| Chief Executive Officer And Immediate Family \| Direct Service Costs, Excluding Depreciation and Amortization, and Selling, General and Administrative
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Operating lease cost recognized				$ 3,600,000
Leased Real Estate \| Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets \| Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets				5,300,000
Leased Real Estate \| Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets \| Chief Executive Officer And Immediate Family
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets				21,900,000
Leased Real Estate \| Other Current Liabilities \| Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Current portion of lease liability				1,800,000
Leased Real Estate \| Other Current Liabilities \| Chief Executive Officer And Immediate Family
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Current portion of lease liability				2,300,000
Leased Real Estate \| Operating Lease Liabilities \| Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Long-term portion of lease liabilities				3,500,000
Leased Real Estate \| Operating Lease Liabilities \| Chief Executive Officer And Immediate Family
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Long-term portion of lease liabilities				19,700,000
Leased Real Estate \| Property and Equipment, Net \| Chief Executive Officer And Immediate Family \| Building
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deemed assets, net, under ASC 840					14,600,000
Travel Services \| Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Travel expenses with related party				1,200,000	1,300,000	$ 1,100,000
Accounts payable due to related parties					$ 200,000
Travel Services \| Chief Executive Officer \| Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts payable due to related parties				$ 100,000

Miscellaneous (Expense) Income, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Other Income And Expenses [Abstract]

Miscellaneous (Expense) Income, Net

13. MISCELLANEOUS (EXPENSE) INCOME, NET

Miscellaneous (expense) income, net consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		2017
Net (loss) gain on foreign-currency transactions	$	(581	)	$	386	$	(1,004	)
Other (expense) income		(282	)		674		650
Miscellaneous (expense) income, net	$	(863	)	$	1,060	$	(354	)

Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

6. ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Employee compensation and benefits	$	34,119	$	31,344
Project related reimbursable expenses		68,696		51,109
Other		6,437		5,040
Total accrued expenses	$	109,252	$	87,493

Income Taxes - Schedule of Annual Activity Related to Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 169	$ 2,394	$ 987
Additions charged to expense	375	0	0
Additions due to asset acquisition	265	0	2,033
Reductions from utilization, reassessments and expirations	(54)	(2,225)	3
Remeasurement due to effect of tax reform	0	0	(629)
Ending Balance	$ 755	$ 169	$ 2,394

Debt - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less unamortized discount	$ 0	$ (282)
Long-term debt, net, less current portion	0	79,721
Term loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	0	80,438
Less unamortized term loan debt issuance costs	$ 0	$ (435)

Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Aug. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2017
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Repurchases of common stock, value			$ 0	$ 0	$ 155,583
Treasury stock shares			200,000	200,000
Share Repurchase Program
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Repurchases of common stock, value					$ 34,700
Repurchases of outstanding common stock, shares					1,342,786
Maximum
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount						$ 50,000	$ 50,000
Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Share repurchases funding through borrowings		$ 40,000
Cinven
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Repurchases of common stock, value		$ 60,500
Purchase price of repurchased shares		$ 30.27
Repurchases of outstanding common stock, shares		2,000,000
Secondary Offering \| Operating Expenses
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Professional fees				$ 700	$ 400
Secondary Offering \| Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Share repurchases funding through borrowings	$ 60,000
Secondary Offering \| Cinven
Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Repurchases of outstanding common stock, shares	2,000,000
Repurchases of common stock, value	$ 60,300
Purchase price of repurchased shares	$ 30.16
Shares issued and sold				16,399,997	4,600,000

Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions Used in BSM Model to Calculate Fair Value of Options

The following table sets forth the key weighted-average assumptions used in the BSM Model to calculate the fair value of options:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Expected holding period - years	2.6		5.4		5.4
Expected volatility	26.3%		27.0%		28.0%
Risk-free interest rate	2.0%		2.8%		2.0%
Expected dividend yield		0.0%		0.0%		0.0%

Schedule of Grant Date Fair Value and Stock-based Compensation Expense Allocated

The following table summarizes the grant date fair values of stock options and restricted shares issued during the period as well as the allocation of stock-based compensation expense to Total direct costs, and Selling, general and administrative reported in the consolidated statements of operations:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Weighted average, grant date fair value
Stock options	$	14.06	$	11.51	$	8.54
Restricted shares (RSAs and RSUs)	$	60.53	$	49.38	$	31.90

Stock-based compensation expense allocated to:
Total direct costs	$	6,999	$	4,132	$	2,128
Selling, general, and administrative		13,742		2,367		2,335
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	20,741	$	6,499	$	4,463

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table sets forth the Company’s stock option activity:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					2017
				Weighted Average					Weighted Average					Weighted Average
	Options			Exercise Price		Options			Exercise Price		Options			Exercise Price
Outstanding - beginning of Period		2,945,040		$	24.18		2,782,868		$	20.73		2,350,166		$	17.57
Granted		859,960		$	54.97		584,301		$	37.72		853,896		$	28.67
Exercised		(399,368	)	$	16.19		(169,771	)	$	14.98		(116,787	)	$	15.52
Forfeited/Expired		(375,561	)	$	19.91		(252,358	)	$	23.69		(304,407	)	$	20.55
Outstanding - end of period		3,030,071		$	34.50		2,945,040		$	24.18		2,782,868		$	20.73

Exercisable - end of period		1,435,088		$	38.62		1,096,116		$	16.01		917,592		$	15.40

Schedule of Restricted Share Activity

The following table sets forth the Company’s Restricted Share activity:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	Shares/Units			Shares/Units			Shares/Units
Outstanding and unvested - beginning of period		421,200			183,629			59,258
Granted		227,610			300,200			156,000
Vested		-			(29,629	)		(29,629	)
Forfeited		(79,040	)		(33,000	)		(2,000	)
Outstanding and unvested - end of period		569,770			421,200			183,629

Cumulative vested shares - end of period		1,913,916			1,913,916			1,884,287

Schedule of Stock Options Expected To Vest, Stock Options Exercisable, and Unvested Restricted Share Awards Expected To Vest

The following table summarizes information about stock options expected to vest, stock options exercisable, and unvested restricted share awards expected to vest at December 31, 2019:

	Weighted Average						Weighted Average
	Exercise		Stock		Restricted		Remaining
	Price		Options		Shares		Life (Years)
December 31, 2019
Number of stock options expected to vest	$	34.50		3,030,071		-		4.0
Number of Restricted Shares expected to vest				-		569,770
Total expected to vest - December 31, 2019				3,030,071		569,770
Total stock options exercisable - December 31, 2019	$	38.62		1,435,088				3.6
Unrecognized compensation cost - December 31, 2019 (in thousands)			$	5,884	$	19,697
Weighted average years over which unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized				1.9		2.9

Schedule of Aggregate Intrinsic Value of Stock Options Exercised, Fair Values of Awards Vested, and Share Based Liabilities Settled

The following table sets forth the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised, the fair values of awards vested, and share based liabilities settled during the respective periods (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$	19,807	$	5,326	$	1,619
Total grant-date fair value of stock options vested	$	12,117	$	1,417	$	1,317
Total grant-date fair value of restricted shares vested	$	-	$	447	$	447
Total settlement date fair value of restricted shares vested	$	-	$	1,568	$	1,074

Entity Wide Disclosures - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	$ 47,292	$ 52,255
U.S.
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	25,603	38,609
Europe, Belgium
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	10,045	6,014
Europe, Other
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	5,728	5,500
Europe
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	15,773	11,514
Asia-Pacific
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	5,671	1,930
Other
Property and equipment, net:
Property and equipment, net	$ 245	$ 202

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Reconciliation of Denominators and Additional Shares that are Excluded from the Calculation of EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Weighted-average shares:
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding									35,881	35,547	39,056
Total weighted-average shares									35,981	35,689	39,146
Earnings per common share—Basic
Net income	$ 29,813	$ 23,977	$ 27,455	$ 19,198	$ 22,761	$ 19,305	$ 16,568	$ 14,551	$ 100,443	$ 73,185	$ 39,122
Net income available to common shareholders—Basic									$ 100,164	$ 72,894	$ 39,032
Net income per common share—Basic	$ 0.82	$ 0.67	$ 0.76	$ 0.54	$ 0.64	$ 0.54	$ 0.46	$ 0.41	$ 2.79	$ 2.05	$ 1.00
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding									35,881	35,547	39,056
Effect of diluted shares									1,695	1,365	783
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding									37,576	36,912	39,839
Net income per common share—Diluted	$ 0.78	$ 0.63	$ 0.73	$ 0.51	$ 0.61	$ 0.52	$ 0.45	$ 0.40	$ 2.67	$ 1.97	$ 0.98
RSAs
Weighted-average shares:
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding									100	142	90
Earnings per common share—Basic
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to RSAs									$ 279	$ 291	$ 90
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding									100	142	90
Common Stock
Weighted-average shares:
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding									35,881	35,547	39,056
Earnings per common share—Basic
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding									35,881	35,547	39,056

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 21, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	MEDP
Entity Registrant Name	Medpace Holdings, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001668397
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity File Number	001-37856
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	32-0434904
Entity Address, Address Line One	5375 Medpace Way
Entity Address, City or Town	Cincinnati
Entity Address, State or Province	OH
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	45227
City Area Code	513
Local Phone Number	579-9911
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock $0.01 par value
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		36,092,497
Entity Public Float			$ 1.8

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Employee compensation and benefits	$	34,119	$	31,344
Project related reimbursable expenses		68,696		51,109
Other		6,437		5,040
Total accrued expenses	$	109,252	$	87,493

Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees

12. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES, AND GUARANTEES

Legal Proceedings

Medpace periodically becomes involved in various claims and lawsuits that are incidental to its business. Management believes, after consultation with counsel, that no matters currently pending would, in the event of an adverse outcome, have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, or cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has several minimum purchase commitments for project related supplies totaling $11.9 million as of December 31, 2019. In return for the commitment, Medpace receives preferential pricing. The commitments expire at various times through 2026.

Income Taxes - Schedule of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 8,525	$ 6,890	$ 5,698
Increases in tax positions for prior years	0	0	5
Decreases in tax positions for prior years	(888)	(579)	0
Increases in tax positions for current year	2,081	2,214	1,187
Lapse in statute of limitations	0	0	0
Ending Balance	$ 9,718	$ 8,525	$ 6,890

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, unbilled services with related parties	$ 1.9	$ 3.8
Accounts payable includes related parties	0.2	0.3
Advanced billings with related parties	$ 3.0	$ 0.4
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock shares authorized	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock shares issued	36,065,278	35,665,910
Common stock shares outstanding	36,065,278	35,665,910
Treasury stock shares	200,000	200,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Impact to Retained Earnings from adoption \| ASU 2016-09				$ 440	$ (440)
Balance	$ 610,710	$ 407		624,069	(10,024)	$ (3,742)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	610,710	407		623,629	(9,584)	(3,742)
Net income	39,122				39,122
Foreign currency translation	3,008					3,008
Stock-based compensation expense	4,463			4,463
Stock options exercised	1,812	1		1,811
Repurchases of common stock	(149,551)	(51)			(149,500)
Treasury stock purchases	(6,032)	(2)	$ (6,030)
Tax effect of initial public offering related costs	(2)			(2)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	503,530	355	(6,030)	630,341	(120,402)	(734)
Impact to Retained Earnings from adoption \| ASU 2014-09	5,730				5,730
Balance	509,260	355	(6,030)	630,341	(114,672)	(734)
Net income	73,185				73,185
Foreign currency translation	(1,783)					(1,783)
Stock-based compensation expense	6,499			6,499
Stock options exercised	2,542	1		2,541
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	589,703	356	(6,030)	639,381	(41,487)	(2,517)
Impact to Retained Earnings from adoption \| ASU 2016-02	9,153				9,153
Balance	598,856	356	(6,030)	639,381	(32,334)	(2,517)
Net income	100,443				100,443
Foreign currency translation	(224)					(224)
Stock-based compensation expense	20,741			20,741
Stock options exercised	6,467	4		6,463
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 726,283	$ 360	$ (6,030)	$ 666,585	$ 68,109	$ (2,741)

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the Company's unaudited quarterly results of operations (in thousands, except per share data):

	2019
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter
Revenue, net	$	200,741	$	214,104	$	216,238	$	229,886
Total direct costs		145,703		150,312		152,070		167,187
Income from operations		25,895		35,259		29,991		36,118
Net income		19,198		27,455		23,977		29,813
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Basic	$	0.54	$	0.76	$	0.67	$	0.82
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Diluted	$	0.51	$	0.73	$	0.63	$	0.78

	2018
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter
Revenue, net	$	163,077	$	170,144	$	179,253	$	192,115
Total direct costs		117,254		116,676		123,996		131,133
Income from operations		20,119		23,345		26,918		30,666
Net income		14,551		16,568		19,305		22,761
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Basic	$	0.41	$	0.46	$	0.54	$	0.64
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Diluted	$	0.40	$	0.45	$	0.52	$	0.61

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

17. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company's unaudited quarterly results of operations (in thousands, except per share data):

	2019
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter
Revenue, net	$	200,741	$	214,104	$	216,238	$	229,886
Total direct costs		145,703		150,312		152,070		167,187
Income from operations		25,895		35,259		29,991		36,118
Net income		19,198		27,455		23,977		29,813
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Basic	$	0.54	$	0.76	$	0.67	$	0.82
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Diluted	$	0.51	$	0.73	$	0.63	$	0.78

	2018
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter
Revenue, net	$	163,077	$	170,144	$	179,253	$	192,115
Total direct costs		117,254		116,676		123,996		131,133
Income from operations		20,119		23,345		26,918		30,666
Net income		14,551		16,568		19,305		22,761
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Basic	$	0.41	$	0.46	$	0.54	$	0.64
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Diluted	$	0.40	$	0.45	$	0.52	$	0.61

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	13,151
Variable lease cost		2,813

Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to the leases was as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	9,773

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		10,294

Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the leases was as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	December 31, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	52,152

Other current liabilities	$	10,977
Operating lease liabilities		45,212
Total operating lease liabilities	$	56,189

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
Operating leases		6.3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.0	%

Schedule of Lease Payments Due Related To Lease Liabilities

Lease payments due related to lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Related Party			Non-Related Parties			Total
	Operating Leases			Operating Leases			Operating Leases
2020	$	5,600		$	7,644		$	13,244
2021		5,600			7,435			13,035
2022		5,267			4,664			9,931
2023		3,613			3,916			7,529
2024		3,613			2,875			6,488
Later years		9,665			8,644			18,309
Total lease payments		33,358			35,178			68,536
Less: imputed interest		(6,162	)		(6,185	)		(12,347	)
Total	$	27,196		$	28,993		$	56,189

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Lease Obligations under ASC 840

Future minimum rental payments for lease obligations with initial terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

			Non-Related		Total
	Related Party		Parties Operating		Operating
	Operating Leases		Leases		Leases
2019	$	1,987	$	6,186	$	8,173
2020		6,843		6,617		13,460
2021		6,964		5,873		12,837
2022		6,757		3,694		10,451
2023		5,229		3,257		8,486
Thereafter		103,870		5,752		109,622
Total minimum lease payments	$	131,650	$	31,379	$	163,029

Schedule of Minimum Annual Payments Required in Conjunction with Landlord Liability under ASC 840

Minimum annual payments required in conjunction with the Deemed landlord liabilities as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Related Party				Total
	Minimum Lease		Less:		Principal
	Payments		Interest		Amounts Due
2019	$	3,918	$	1,818	$	2,100
2020		3,988		1,662		2,326
2021		4,039		1,490		2,549
2022		4,092		1,301		2,791
2023		4,145		1,095		3,050
Thereafter		15,697		1,929		13,768
Total	$	35,879	$	9,295	$	26,584

Shareholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

9. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-Based Compensation

2016 Incentive Award Plan

On August 11, 2016 in connection with the Company's IPO, the Board approved the formation of the 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the “2016 Plan”), which replaced our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The 2016 Plan provides for long-term equity incentive compensation for key employees, officers and non-employee directors. A variety of discretionary awards (collectively, the “Awards”) for employees and non-employee directors are authorized under the 2016 Plan, including vested shares, stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), or other cash based or stock dividend equivalent awards, which are all equity-classified instruments under the 2016 Plan. The number of shares registered and available for grant under the 2016 Plan is 6,000,000. The vesting of such awards may be conditioned upon either a specified period of time or the attainment of specific performance goals as determined by the administrator of the 2016 Plan. The option price and term are also subject to determination by the administrator with respect to each grant. Option prices are generally expected to be set at the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant and option terms are not expected to exceed ten years.

The Company granted 816,286 awards to employees under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan during the year ended December 31, 2019, consisting of 10,000 stock option awards and 227,610 restricted stock units (“RSU”) vesting after four years, 5,000 stock option awards vesting after one year, 551,676 fully-vested stock option awards and 22,000 stock option awards with vesting in twelve equal monthly installments beginning on March 31, 2019. The Company granted an additional 41,853 stock option awards to non-employee directors under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan, during the year ended December 31, 2019. These awards will vest on the earlier of (a) the day immediately preceding the date of the first annual meeting following the date of grant and (b) the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the non-employee director continuing in service through the applicable vesting date.

The Company granted 850,700 awards to employees under the 2016 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018, consisting of 550,500 stock option awards and 300,200 restricted stock units (“RSU”), all vesting after four years. The Company granted an additional 33,801 stock option awards to non-employee directors under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan, during the year ended December 31, 2018. These awards will vest on the earlier of (a) the day immediately preceding the date of the first annual meeting following the date of grant and (b) the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the non-employee director continuing in service through the applicable vesting date.

The Company granted 968,550 awards to employees under the 2016 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2017, consisting of 797,550 stock option awards, 118,000 restricted stock awards (“RSA”) and 38,000 restricted stock units (“RSU”), all vesting after four years. The Company granted 15,000 stock option awards, vesting equally on the second, third and fourth anniversary of the grant date over four years. Additionally, the Company granted 41,346 stock option awards, vesting over one year, to non-employee directors under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan, during the year ended December 31, 2017.

The 2016 Plan expires in 2026, except for awards then outstanding, and is administered by the Board. All Awards granted at the IPO or thereafter were or will be issued under the 2016 Plan.

The company satisfies stock option exercises and vested stock awards with newly issued shares. Shares available for future stock compensation grants totaled 3.2 million and 3.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2014 Plan for employees and directors provided the issuance of vested shares, stock options, RSAs and RSUs in Medpace Holdings, Inc.’s common stock. The awards were granted to key employees as additional compensation for services rendered and as a means of retention over the vesting period, typically three to four years. RSAs awarded under the 2014 Plan were subject to automatic forfeiture upon departure until vested and entitle the shareholder to all rights of common stock ownership except that they may not be sold, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of during the restriction period, except as noted in the following paragraph. The 2014 Plan allowed for the issuance of non-qualified stock options to employees, officers, and directors under this plan (collectively, “the Participants”). Under the 2014 Plan, options could be granted with an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair value of common stock at the grant date as determined by the Board of Directors. The stock options, if unexercised, expired seven years from the date of grant. The awards under the 2014 Plan were equity classified instruments for all periods presented.

In the third quarter of 2019, Medpace Investors, LLC (“MPI”), a related party to the Company, filed a Tender Offer Statement (“Tender Offer”) offering to purchase, for cash, vested stock options of employee holders of options outstanding from the 2014 Incentive Award Plan. The Tender Offer resulted in the tender and purchase of 229,431 vested options from employee holders of options by MPI. Under generally accepted accounting guidance governing such transactions, because the Tender offer by an economic interest holder in the Company, this transaction is accounted for as a settlement of vested options and a reissuance of options at fair value as of the transaction date. Expense related to the reissuance of options to MPI is included as stock-based compensation expense of $5.1 million within Selling, general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Equity Awards

Valuation Assumptions

The Company determines the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merten option pricing model (the “BSM Model”). The BSM Model is primarily affected by the fair value of the Company’s common stock (see restricted share valuation discussion below), the expected holding period for the option, expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, the risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends.

The following table sets forth the key weighted-average assumptions used in the BSM Model to calculate the fair value of options:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Expected holding period - years	2.6		5.4		5.4
Expected volatility	26.3%		27.0%		28.0%
Risk-free interest rate	2.0%		2.8%		2.0%
Expected dividend yield		0.0%		0.0%		0.0%

The assumptions used in the table above reflect grant date inputs to arrive at the grant date fair values for stock options subject to equity-classified stock compensation accounting.

The expected holding period represents the period of time the grants are expected to be outstanding. The Company uses the simplified method, as prescribed by accounting guidance governing such awards, to calculate the expected holding period for options granted to employees as we do not have sufficient historical evidence data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected holding period. For options valued by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the expected holding period is based on an average between the midpoint of the vesting date and the expiration date of the options.

The Company estimates expected volatility primarily by using the historical volatility of a publicly traded peer group that operates in the clinical research and development industry. The Company does not have adequate history to calculate its own historical or implied volatility and believes the Company’s expected volatility will approximate the historical experience of the peer group.

The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield on U.S. Treasury obligations with remaining durations equal to the expected holding period of the options. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero based on recent and anticipated dividend activity.

Subsequent to the IPO, the fair value of common stock is based upon the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant as listed on the NASDAQ. Due to the absence of an active market for the Company’s common stock prior to the IPO, the Company determined the fair value of restricted shares by obtaining an independent valuation of the fair value of the Company’s equity, applying a discount for lack of marketability, and then calculating the implied share price. The fair value of the Company was estimated primarily using an income approach which is based on assumptions and estimates made by management and, secondarily, using other market-related factors in current industry trends as well as observed transaction values. In determining the estimated future cash flows used in the income approach, the Company developed and applied certain estimates and judgments, including current and projected future levels of income based on management’s plans, business trends, prospects and market and economic conditions, including market-participant considerations. Significant assumptions utilized in the income approach were based on company specific information and projections, which were not observable in the market and are thus considered Level 3 measurements by authoritative guidance. The discount for lack of marketability (the “Marketability Discount”) was applied to reflect what a market participant would consider in relation to the post-vesting restrictions imposed regarding the inability to sell, transfer, or pledge the shares during the restriction period. The Marketability Discount was estimated by using the BSM Model to calculate the cost of a theoretical put option to hedge the fluctuation in value of the investment between the valuation date and an anticipated liquidity date.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Weighted average, grant date fair value
Stock options	$	14.06	$	11.51	$	8.54
Restricted shares (RSAs and RSUs)	$	60.53	$	49.38	$	31.90

Stock-based compensation expense allocated to:
Total direct costs	$	6,999	$	4,132	$	2,128
Selling, general, and administrative		13,742		2,367		2,335
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	20,741	$	6,499	$	4,463

Award Activity

The following table sets forth the Company’s stock option activity:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					2017
				Weighted Average					Weighted Average					Weighted Average
	Options			Exercise Price		Options			Exercise Price		Options			Exercise Price
Outstanding - beginning of Period		2,945,040		$	24.18		2,782,868		$	20.73		2,350,166		$	17.57
Granted		859,960		$	54.97		584,301		$	37.72		853,896		$	28.67
Exercised		(399,368	)	$	16.19		(169,771	)	$	14.98		(116,787	)	$	15.52
Forfeited/Expired		(375,561	)	$	19.91		(252,358	)	$	23.69		(304,407	)	$	20.55
Outstanding - end of period		3,030,071		$	34.50		2,945,040		$	24.18		2,782,868		$	20.73

Exercisable - end of period		1,435,088		$	38.62		1,096,116		$	16.01		917,592		$	15.40

The following table sets forth the Company’s Restricted Share activity:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
	Shares/Units			Shares/Units			Shares/Units
Outstanding and unvested - beginning of period		421,200			183,629			59,258
Granted		227,610			300,200			156,000
Vested		-			(29,629	)		(29,629	)
Forfeited		(79,040	)		(33,000	)		(2,000	)
Outstanding and unvested - end of period		569,770			421,200			183,629

Cumulative vested shares - end of period		1,913,916			1,913,916			1,884,287

The following table summarizes information about stock options expected to vest, stock options exercisable, and unvested restricted share awards expected to vest at December 31, 2019:

	Weighted Average						Weighted Average
	Exercise		Stock		Restricted		Remaining
	Price		Options		Shares		Life (Years)
December 31, 2019
Number of stock options expected to vest	$	34.50		3,030,071		-		4.0
Number of Restricted Shares expected to vest				-		569,770
Total expected to vest - December 31, 2019				3,030,071		569,770
Total stock options exercisable - December 31, 2019	$	38.62		1,435,088				3.6
Unrecognized compensation cost - December 31, 2019 (in thousands)			$	5,884	$	19,697
Weighted average years over which unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized				1.9		2.9



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$	19,807	$	5,326	$	1,619
Total grant-date fair value of stock options vested	$	12,117	$	1,417	$	1,317
Total grant-date fair value of restricted shares vested	$	-	$	447	$	447
Total settlement date fair value of restricted shares vested	$	-	$	1,568	$	1,074

The actual tax benefits recognized related to stock-based compensation totaled $5.5 million, $1.0 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Share Repurchases

In November 2017, the Board members who are not affiliated with Cinven (the “Disinterested Directors”) approved an agreement to repurchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from Cinven in connection with the Secondary Offering (as described below) for aggregate consideration of approximately $60.3 million, representing a purchase price of $30.16 per share. The Company funded the repurchase with approximately $60.0 million in borrowings under the Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (defined in Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) and cash on hand.

In August 2017, the Disinterested Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase agreement with Medpace Limited Partnership, a Guernsey limited partnership (the “Limited Partnership” acting through its general partner, Medpace GP Limited, a Guernsey company, the “General Partner” and, the Limited Partnership acting through the General Partner, “Cinven”), pursuant to which the Company repurchased 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from Cinven for aggregate consideration of approximately $60.5 million, representing a purchase price of $30.27 per share. The Company funded the repurchase with cash on hand and $40.0 million in borrowings under our Prior Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility.

In April 2017, the Board of the Company authorized a share repurchase program with an authorized repurchase level of $50.0 million. The share repurchase program was cancelled in the fourth quarter of 2017. Repurchases under the repurchase program took place in the open market or negotiated transactions, at the discretion of the Company’s management. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repurchased 1,342,786 shares of its outstanding common stock for $34.7 million under this share repurchase program.

The Company has elected to constructively retire all repurchased shares with all amounts paid in excess of Common stock par value reflected within Accumulated deficit in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, except for 200,000 shares, which are reflected within treasury stock in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

In the first quarter of 2018, the Board of the Company authorized a share repurchase program with an authorized repurchase level of $50.0 million. There have been no share repurchases under this program.

Secondary Offerings

During the year ended December 31, 2018, Cinven sold a total of 16,399,997 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of multiple secondary offerings. The Company incurred professional fees in connection with the secondary offerings of $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2018. The fees are included within operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. As of August 27, 2018, Cinven does not beneficially own any shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The Company did not sell any shares in or receive any proceeds from the secondary offerings.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, Cinven sold a total of 4,600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a secondary offering. The Company incurred professional fees in connection with the secondary offering of $0.4 million during year ended December 31, 2017. The fees are included within operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and include the accounts and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Significant items that are subject to management estimates and assumptions include revenue, net, allowances for doubtful accounts, acquisition purchase price allocations, long-lived asset impairment and useful lives, exit liabilities, stock-based compensation, uncertain income tax positions and contingencies.

Reportable Segments

The Company emphasizes its full service outsourcing model, providing services focused on the development, management and execution of clinical trials. As part of this full service approach, the Company utilizes centralized systems, customer interface technology, support functions and processes that cross service offerings and align resources to deliver efficient clinical trial services. Given the full service approach, the chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) assesses the allocation of resources based on key metrics including revenue, backlog, and net awards by service offering and consolidated profitability and consolidated cash flows. Based on the Company’s full service model, internal management and reporting structure, and key metrics used by the CODM to make resource allocation decisions, management has determined that the Company’s operations consist of a single operating segment. Therefore, results of operations are presented as a single reportable segment.

Foreign Currencies

Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies on foreign subsidiary financial statements are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, while equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are recorded at average rates of exchange during the year. Translation adjustments are recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Separately, net realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in Miscellaneous (expense) income, net, on the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign currency transactions resulted in a net (loss)/gain of ($0.6) million, $0.4 million, and ($1.0) million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generally enters into contracts with customers to provide services ranging in duration from a few months to several years. The contract terms generally provide for payments based on a fixed fee or unit-of-service arrangement. The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which the Company adopted on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective implementation method. Revenue on contracts is recognized when or as the Company satisfies the contract performance obligations, at the amount that reflects the Company’s cumulative progress toward delivery of the performance obligation. This progress assessment is applied to the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be paid for delivery of the performance obligation. The Company’s performance obligations are generally satisfied over time and related revenue is recognized as services are provided to meet these obligations.

Contract Assumptions

An arrangement is accounted for as a contract within the scope of ASC 606 when the Company and its customers approve the contract, are committed to perform their respective obligations, each party can identify its rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, commercial substance is present, and it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.

For the Company’s services to meet this criteria, contracts generally need to be written, pending regulatory hurdles required to commence work must be cleared, the study protocol must be completed, the customer must have adequate funding or reasonable path to funding to execute the contracted portion of the study, and the study must be actively moving forward. Once these criteria have been met, it is deemed that the Company and its customers are committed to perform their respective obligations. Depending on the timing of when these criteria are met, revenue recognition may vary significantly on a period over period basis.

Accounting for contracts performed over a period of time involves the use of various assumptions to estimate total contract revenue and costs. The Company estimates expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes contracted revenue over the life of the contract as those costs are incurred.

Cost estimates are based on a detailed project budget and are developed based on many variables, including, but not limited to, the scope of the work, the complexity of the study, the participating geographic locations and the Company’s historical experience. To assist with the estimation of costs expected at completion over the life of a project, regular contract reviews are performed in which performance to date is compared to the most current estimate to complete assumptions. The reviews include an assessment of costs incurred to date compared to expectations based on budget assumptions and other circumstances specific to the project. The total estimated costs necessary to complete is updated and any revisions to the existing cost estimate results in cumulative adjustments to the amount of revenue recognized in the period in which the revisions are identified. In the case of cost estimates related to activities legally contracted as reimbursable in nature, including but not limited to investigator fee activity, these estimates also influence the Company’s assumed contract value and assumed remaining performance obligations. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating the costs necessary to fulfill contractual obligations, it is possible that estimates may change in the near term, resulting in a material change in revenue reported.

Contracts generally provide for pricing modifications upon scope of work changes. The Company recognizes revenue, at an amount to which it expects to be entitled, related to work performed in connection with scope changes when the underlying services are performed and a binding contractual commitment has been established with the customer. If the Company’s customers do not agree to contract changes upon changes in the Company’s scope of work, the Company could be exposed to cost overruns and reduced contract profitability. Costs are not deferred in anticipation of contracts being awarded or amendments being finalized, but are expensed as incurred.

Most contracts are terminable by the customer, either immediately or according to advance notice terms specified within the contracts. These contracts require payment of fees for services rendered through the date of termination and may require payment for subsequent services necessary to conclude the study or close out the contract. Final settlement amounts are agreed to with the customer based on remaining work to be performed. These amounts are included in revenue when the Company believes the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. In evaluating the probability of recognition, the Company considers the contractual basis for the settlement amount and the objective evidence available to support the amount.

Certain contracts contain volume rebate arrangements with our customers that provide for rebates if certain specified spending thresholds are met. These obligations are considered as a reduction in revenue when it appears probable that the arrangement thresholds will be met, which can be at contract inception. Total revenue is presented net of rebates of $6.2 million, $1.2 million and $0.2 million in the consolidated statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company occasionally enters into incentive fee arrangements with customers that provide for additional compensation if certain defined contractual milestones or performance thresholds are met. These additional fees are included in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee and when achievement of the incentive milestone is deemed probable. These estimates are based on anticipated performance, the Company’s best judgment at the time or ultimately, upon achievement of the threshold or milestone.

The Company records revenue net of any tax assessments by governmental authorities that are imposed and concurrent with specific revenue generating transactions.

Performance Obligations

Substantially all of the Company’s contracts consist of a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual services described in the contracts are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts, and therefore not distinct. Revenue recognition is determined by assessing the progress of performance completed or delivered to date compared to total services to be delivered under the terms of the arrangement. The measures utilized to assess progress on the satisfaction of performance are specific to the performance obligation identified in the contract.

For the majority of the Company’s contract performance obligations, it utilizes the input method of cost to cost to measure progress, as the Company has determined that it is the most consistent measure of progress among contract tasks and represents the most faithful depiction of the transfer of services over the contract life. Under this method, the Company determines cost incurred to date for the services it provides compared to the total estimated costs at completion.

For certain other contractual performance obligations, the Company has determined that an output method is the best measure of progress. These relate to certain unitized contracts, and the Company recognizes revenue in the period in which the unit is delivered compared to total contracted units.

On December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had approximately $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion of performance obligations remaining to be performed for active projects.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The cash and cash equivalent balances are held and maintained with financial institutions with reputable credit ratings and, consequently, the Company believes that such funds are subject to minimal credit risk.

The Company generally does not require collateral or other securities to support customer receivables. In the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, credit losses have been immaterial and within management’s expectations. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no customers accounting for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable.

Costs and Expenses

The Company incurs costs associated with service delivery including direct labor and related employee benefits, laboratory supplies, and other expenses. These costs are recorded in Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization as a component of Total direct costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company incurs expenses on behalf of its customers for various project expenditures including, but not limited to, investigator site payments, travel, meetings, printing, and shipping and handling fees that are reimbursed by its customers at cost. These costs are included in Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses as a component of Total direct costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Total direct costs are expensed as incurred and are not deferred in anticipation of contracts being awarded or finalization of changes in scope. Selling, general and administrative includes administrative payroll and related employee benefits, sales and marketing expenses, administrative travel, and other expenses not directly related to service delivery. Rent, utilities, supplies, and software license expenses are allocated between Total direct costs, and Selling, general and administrative based on

the estimated contribution among service delivery and support function efforts on a percentage basis. Depreciation and amortization is reported separately in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Costs of sales and marketing activities not subject to recovery pursuant to customer contracts, such as feasibility assessments and negotiation of contracts, are expensed as incurred and recorded as a component of Selling, general and administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising expenses are recorded as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Total advertising expenses of $0.7 million, $0.8 million and $0.6 million were incurred during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Prior to the adoption of Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-09 ‘‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, fees paid to investigators and other disbursements in which the Company acts as an agent on behalf of the customer were recorded net in the consolidated statements of operations with no impact on the Company’s revenue or expenses. Funds received in advance of study expenditures were recorded as Pre-funded study cost liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Any pre-funded amounts remaining at the conclusion of a study were returned to the client. Pre-funded study cost disbursements of $138.7 million were made during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Income Taxes

The Company’s consolidated U.S. federal income tax return is comprised of its U.S. subsidiaries and one of its foreign branches located in Korea. All foreign subsidiaries of the Company file tax returns in their local jurisdictions.

The Company provides for income taxes on all transactions that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting guidance governing income tax accounting. Accordingly, the impact of changes in income tax laws on deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are recognized in net earnings in the period during which such changes are enacted.

The Company records deferred tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences between the financial statement bases and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are recorded for tax benefit carryforwards using tax rates anticipated to be in effect in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. If it does not appear more likely than not that the full value of a deferred tax asset will be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset, with an offsetting charge to the Company’s income tax provision or benefit. The value of the Company’s deferred tax assets is estimated based on, among other things, the Company’s ability to generate a sufficient level of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, the Company has considered both positive and negative evidence, such as historical and forecasted results of operations, and has considered the implementation of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.

The Company’s current accounting position is that unremitted foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested. Therefore, the Company has not recorded deferred foreign withholding taxes on the unremitted foreign earnings. Refer to Note 11 for further information regarding this assertion.

The Company follows accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which requires significant judgment in determining what constitutes an individual tax position as well as assessing the possible outcome of each tax position. Changes in judgments as to recognition or measurement of tax positions can materially affect the estimate of the effective tax rate, and, consequently, the Company’s consolidated financial results. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions. The Company determines its liability for uncertain tax positions globally. If the payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when it is determined the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the calculation of the liability related to uncertain tax positions proves to be more or less than the ultimate assessment, a tax expense or tax benefit would result. Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as components of the Company’s Income tax provision.

Research and Development Credits

Research and development credits are available to the Company under tax laws in certain jurisdictions, based on qualifying research and development spend as defined under those tax laws. Certain tax jurisdictions provide refundable credits that are not wholly dependent on the Company’s income tax status or income tax position. In these circumstances the benefit of the credits is recorded as a reduction of operating expense. When they are wholly dependent upon the Company’s income tax position, research and development credits are recognized as a reduction of income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans for which it incurs compensation expense.

Equity Awards

In connection with the Company's initial public offering (IPO), the Board approved the formation of the 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the “2016 Plan”), which replaced our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The 2016 Plan provides for long-term equity incentive compensation for key employees, officers and non-employee directors. A variety of discretionary awards (collectively, the “Awards”) for employees and non-employee directors are authorized under the 2016 Plan, including vested common shares, stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), or other cash based or stock dividend equivalent awards. The vesting of such awards may be conditioned upon either a specified period of time or the attainment of specific performance goals as determined by the administrator of the 2016 Plan. The option price and term are also subject to determination by the administrator with respect to each grant. Option prices are generally expected to be set at the market price of our common stock at the date of grant and option terms are not expected to exceed ten years. All outstanding Awards under the 2016 Plan are equity classified awards.

The Company created the 2014 Plan, providing for the future issuance of vested shares, stock options, RSAs and RSUs in Medpace Holdings, Inc.’s common stock (the “2014 Plan Awards”). The 2014 Plan Awards were subject to either equity or liability-classification pursuant to the terms of the participant’s award agreement and the 2014 Plan based on accounting guidance which governs such transactions. All outstanding Awards under the 2014 Plan are equity classified awards.

Stock-based compensation expense for both the 2016 Plan and 2014 Plan is calculated using the fair value method on the grant date. The Company expenses stock-based compensation using a graded vesting schedule. Stock-based compensation expense is allocated between Total direct costs, and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations based on the underlying classification and scope of work for the employees receiving the Awards.

Net Income Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings or loss per share (“EPS”) are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The Company’s RSAs are considered participating securities because they are legally issued at the date of grant and holders are entitled to receive non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting term.

The computation of diluted EPS includes additional common shares, such as unvested RSUs and stock options with exercise prices less than the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the period (“in-the-money options”), which would be considered outstanding under the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that additional shares would have to be issued in cases where the exercise price of stock options is less than the value of the common stock being acquired because the cash proceeds received from the stock option holder would not be sufficient to acquire that same number of shares. The Company does not compute diluted EPS in cases where the inclusion of such additional shares would be anti-dilutive in effect.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for earnings per share):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Weighted-average shares:
Common shares outstanding		35,881		35,547		39,056
RSAs		100		142		90
Total weighted-average shares		35,981		35,689		39,146
Earnings per common share—Basic
Net income	$	100,443	$	73,185	$	39,122
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to RSAs		279		291		90
Net income available to common shareholders—Basic	$	100,164	$	72,894	$	39,032

Net income per common share—Basic	$	2.79	$	2.05	$	1.00

Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		35,881		35,547		39,056
Effect of diluted shares		1,695		1,365		783
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding		37,576		36,912		39,839

Net income per common share—Diluted	$	2.67	$	1.97	$	0.98

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the computation of diluted EPS excludes the effect of (in thousands) 248, 121 and 63 stock options, respectively, due to each respective period’s average fair value of the Company’s common stock not exceeding the exercise prices.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows accounting guidance related to fair value measurements that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of “observable” inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy specifies three levels based on the inputs, as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations based on directly observable inputs or unobservable inputs corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Valuations based on unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity representing management’s determination of assumptions of how market participants would price the assets or liabilities.

The fair value of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and unbilled, net, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and advanced billings approximate their carrying amounts due to their short term maturities.

The Company does not have any recurring fair value measurements as of December 31, 2019. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, are invested in demand deposits and money market funds, all of which have an original maturity of three months or less. Restricted cash consists of customer funds received in advance and subject to specific restrictions, as well as amounts placed in escrow for contingent payments resulting from acquisitions or other contractual arrangements.

Accounts Receivable and Unbilled, Net

Accounts receivable represent amounts due from the Company’s customers who are concentrated primarily in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. Unbilled services represent revenue recognized to date that is currently not billable to the customer pursuant to contractual terms. In general, amounts become billable upon the achievement of negotiated contractual events or in accordance with predetermined payment schedules. Amounts classified to unbilled services are those billable to customers within one year from the respective balance sheet date.

The Company grants credit terms to its customers prior to signing a service contract and monitors the creditworthiness of its customers on an ongoing basis. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on specific identification of accounts receivable that are at risk of not being collected. Uncollectible accounts receivable are written off only after all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted. Moreover, in some cases the Company requires advance payment from its customers for a portion of the study contract price upon the signing of a service contract. These advance payments are deferred and recognized as revenue as services are performed.

Inventory

Inventory, which consists primarily of laboratory supplies, is valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventory is stated at purchased cost using the first-in, first out (FIFO) cost method. The inventory balance is included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method at rates adequate to allocate the cost of the applicable assets over their estimated useful lives, which is three to five years for computer hardware, software, phone, and medical imaging equipment, five to seven years for furniture and fixtures and other equipment, and thirty to forty years for buildings. The Company capitalizes costs of computer software developed for internal use and amortizes these costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, not to exceed three years. Leasehold improvements and deemed assets from landlord building construction are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the associated remaining lease term. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Leases

The Company enters into contracts to lease facilities and equipment to be used in its operations. At contract inception, the Company determines whether a contract contains a lease within the scope of Accounting Standard Codification Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), and determines the appropriate classification of the lease as either operating or finance.

Contracts containing operating leases are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets within Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, Other current liabilities, and Operating lease liabilities. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term as of the lease commencement date. In addition, operating ROU assets also include lease payments made and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within Total direct costs and Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Variable lease costs are primarily related to adjustments for inflation, common area maintenance and property tax and are recognized within Total direct costs and Selling, general and administrative expenses.

Contracts containing finance leases are recognized initially in the same manner as Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities; however, they are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets within Property and equipment, net, Other current liabilities, and Other long-term liabilities. Finance lease assets are subsequently amortized on a straight line basis over the lease term within Depreciation expense, while the lease liability is accreted within Interest expense, net utilizing the discount rate determined at lease commencement and reduced by periodic lease payments over the lease term. Currently, the Company does not have any finance leases.

The discount rate utilized in determining the present value of future payments for both operating and finance leases, unless implicit in the lease contract, is determined based on the Company’s collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement.

Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option as determined at lease commencement.

Many of our lease agreements have both lease and non-lease components, which the Company has elected to treat as a single lease component for recognition purposes.

The Company may enter into short-term leases (leases with a lease term of less than one year), which it has elected not to capitalize as assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, but instead recognizes lease payments within Total direct costs and Selling, general, and administrative expenses on a straight line basis over the lease term.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. The carrying value of goodwill is reviewed at least annually for impairment, or as indicators of potential impairment are identified, at the reporting unit level. The reporting units are Phase I-IV clinical research services and Laboratories as of December 31, 2019.

The Company performs its annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter each year, comparing the fair value of each of our reporting units with its carrying amount, inclusive of goodwill. A goodwill impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Fair value is estimated using a combination of the income approach, a discounted cash flow analysis, and the market approach, utilizing the guideline company method. There was no indication of impairment related to goodwill based on the fourth quarter 2019 assessment.

Intangible Assets

The Company has an indefinite lived intangible asset related to its trade name. The carrying value of the trade name asset is reviewed at least annually for impairment, or as indicators of potential impairment are identified. The Company performs its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter each year in conjunction with its annual assessment of goodwill. The assessment consists of comparing the carrying value of the indefinite lived intangible asset to its estimated fair value, utilizing the relief from royalty method, an income approach valuation. There was no indication of impairment related to the trade name asset based on the fourth quarter 2019 assessment.

Finite-lived intangible assets consist mainly of the value assigned to customer relationships and developed technologies. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized straight-line or using an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives, which range in term from five to fifteen years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, primarily property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment and the reasonableness of the estimated useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable or that a change in useful life may be appropriate. Recoverability for long-lived assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows of the operation to which the assets relate to the carrying amount of the assets. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then the Company reduces the carrying value of the assets to estimated fair values, which are primarily based upon forecasted discounted cash flows. Fair value of long-lived assets is determined based on a combination of discounted cash flows and market multiples.

Advanced Billings

Advanced billings represents cash received from customers, or billed amounts per an agreed upon payment schedule, in advance of services being performed or revenue being recognized.

Deemed Landlord Liabilities

Deemed landlord liabilities are recorded at their net present value when the Company enters into qualifying leases and are reduced as the Company makes periodic lease payments on the properties.

Other Current Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Deferred credit represents tax credits recognized initially in conjunction with the Nephrogenex asset acquisition that will be recognized within Income tax provision in proportion to the realization of the deferred tax assets and federal tax credits prospectively.

Asset retirement obligations, to the extent they exist, are recorded at their net present value and accreted to the Company’s estimate of liability at the time the obligation would be required to be satisfied.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Business Combinations. The standard changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. Under the new guidance, an entity first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the set is not a business. If it’s not met, the entity then evaluates whether the set meets the requirement that a business include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company, as permitted, early adopted ASU 2017-01 using the prospective method in the second quarter of 2017.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new guidance is intended to simplify certain aspects of accounting for share based payments to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The Company elected to adopt this ASU in the first quarter of 2017 as required. The following summarizes the effects of the adoption on the Company's consolidated financial statements:

•

Income taxes - Upon adoption of this standard, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends, if distributed, on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the statement of operations. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. As a result, the Company recognized discrete adjustments to income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 of less than $0.1 million related to excess tax benefits. The Company also recognizes excess tax benefits regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period. The Company applied the prospective adoption approach for any unrecognized excess tax benefits beginning in 2017, which did not result in any cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption. Prior periods have not been adjusted.

•

Forfeitures - Prior to adoption, share-based compensation expense was recognized on a straight line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, such that expense was recognized only for share-based awards that were expected to vest. A forfeiture rate was estimated annually and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differed from initial estimates. Upon adoption, the Company no longer applies a forfeiture rate and instead accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company applied the modified retrospective adoption approach beginning in 2017 and booked an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment to additional paid-in-capital and retained earnings within Shareholders’ Equity. Prior periods have not been adjusted.

•

Statements of Cash Flows - The Company historically accounted for excess tax benefits on the consolidated statements of cash flows as a financing activity. Upon adoption of this standard, excess tax benefits are classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity. The Company elected to adopt this portion of the standard on a prospective basis beginning in 2017. Prior periods have not been adjusted.

•

Earnings Per Share - The Company uses the treasury stock method to compute diluted earnings per share, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive. Under this method, the Company is no longer required to estimate the tax rate and apply it to the dilutive share calculation for determining the dilutive earnings per share. The Company utilized the prospective adoption approach and applied this methodology beginning in 2017. Prior periods have not been adjusted.

Upon adoption, no other aspects of ASU 2016-09 had an effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements or related footnote disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 ‘‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers,’’ (“ASC 606”) to clarify the principles of recognizing revenue and create common revenue recognition guidance between US GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The new standard became effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018.

Under ASC 606, the majority of the Company’s contracts will have a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time, with revenue recognized based on overall project progress measured as of the financial statement date. This represents a change in the Company’s previous revenue accounting methodology, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”), as a majority of contracts were accounted for under the multiple element arrangement guidance. Under the previous revenue recognition accounting methodology, certain revenue related to reimbursable expenses was presented either as a separate line item within Reimbursable out-of-pocket revenue or net of related expenses within Service revenue, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As a result of having a single performance obligation, the Company accounts for all revenue related to reimbursable expenses on a gross basis within a single revenue line item. Measurement of progress on contracts with customers will generally be based on the input measurement of cost incurred relative to the total expected costs to satisfy the performance obligation.

The Company elected to utilize the modified retrospective implementation method for its transition to ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 (the “Implementation Date”). Under this implementation method, the Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASC 606 revenue recognition guidance to contracts that were not completed at the Implementation Date. At the Implementation Date, the Company elected to reflect the aggregate effect of all contract modifications that occurred before January 1, 2018 in determining the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations and determination of the transaction price.

The cumulative effect adjustment was recorded as a reduction to the opening balance of Accumulated deficit in the consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $5.7 million, with offsetting amounts of $23.9 million to Accounts receivable and unbilled, net, $(1.6) million to Deferred income taxes, $35.1 million to Accrued expenses, $(57.4) million to Pre-funded study costs and $38.9 million to Advanced billings, respectively. The amounts recorded to Accounts receivable and unbilled, net, Deferred income taxes, Accrued expenses, Pre-funded study costs, and Advanced billings reflect differences between revenue recognized and billings to customers by project as well as costs incurred but not settled as of the Implementation Date. The above disclosed cumulative effect adjustments have been revised from the amounts previously disclosed in the Company’s interim financial statements filed on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018 to correct certain immaterial misstatements to the opening balance sheet adoption impact of the standard. The effects of these misstatements were immaterial to the Company’s results of operations.

In connection with the implementation of ASC 606 on the modified retrospective method, the Company is presenting additional information to assist with the comparability of select line items of the current and prior period year to date reporting in its consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations. Below the Company has presented the amount by which each financial statement line item is affected in the current reporting period by the application of ASC 606 as compared with the guidance that was in effect before the change (ASC 605).

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Revenue:
Revenue, net	$	704,589	$	(704,589	)	$	-
Service revenue, net		-		478,063			478,063
Reimbursed out-of-pocket revenue		-		71,305			71,305
Total revenue		704,589		(155,221	)		549,368
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization		252,284		-			252,284
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses		236,775		(165,470	)		71,305
Total direct costs		489,059		(165,470	)		323,589
Total operating expenses		603,541		(165,470	)		438,071
Income from operations		101,048		10,249			111,297
Income before income taxes		93,951		10,249			104,200
Income tax provision		20,766		1,882			22,648
Net income	$	73,185	$	8,367		$	81,552
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$	2.05	$	0.24		$	2.29
Diluted	$	1.97	$	0.23		$	2.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		35,547		-			35,547
Diluted		36,912		-			36,912

ASSETS	As of December 31, 2018
Current assets:	As Reported			Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		133,449			(28,729	)		104,720
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		21,383			1,147			22,530
Total current assets		178,114			(27,582	)		150,532
Deferred income taxes		713			(389	)		324
Total assets	$	967,933		$	(27,971	)	$	939,962
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses		87,493			(51,109	)		36,384
Pre-funded study costs		-			61,156			61,156
Advanced billings		147,935			(41,732	)		106,203
Other current liabilities		4,861			(590	)		4,271
Total current liabilities		257,026			(32,275	)		224,751
Deferred income tax liability		439			2,049			2,488
Other long-term liabilities		16,560			(382	)		16,178
Total liabilities		378,230			(30,608	)		347,622
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit		(41,487	)		2,637			(38,850	)
Total shareholders’ equity		589,703			2,637			592,340
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	967,933		$	(27,971	)	$	939,962

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported			Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Net income		73,185			8,367			81,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax provision		3,942			4,002			7,944
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		(27,047	)		4,842			(22,205	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,241	)		(1,147	)		(2,388	)
Accrued expenses		29,029			(15,967	)		13,062
Pre-funded study costs		-			3,782			3,782
Advanced billings		35,593			(2,907	)		32,686
Other assets and liabilities, net		1,925			(972	)		953
Net cash provided by operating activities		156,584			-			156,584

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASC 842”). The guidance in ASC 842 supersedes the lease recognition requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases (FAS 13) (“ASC 840”). The objective of ASC 842 is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of Right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and Lease liabilities on the balance sheet. In addition, ASC 842 introduces additional disclosure requirements that are meant to enable users of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASC 842 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019.

ASC 842 allows by policy election, an entity to choose its transition approach. Entities must adopt ASC 842 on a either a modified retrospective basis to each prior reporting period presented or through an optional alternative method referred to as the “Comparatives Under ASC 840 Approach” which allows entities to apply the new requirements to only those leases that exist as of January 1, 2019. The Company has elected to adopt ASC 842 utilizing the Comparatives Under ASC 840 Approach. As such, ASC 842 is applied on a prospective basis as of January 1, 2019 and any cumulative catch up adjustment for differences between ASC 842 and ASC 840 were recorded upon adoption.

ASC 842 also allows for the election of certain practical expedients that are meant to ease the burden of transitioning to ASC 842 while still achieving compliance. The Company elected the “package of three” practical expedient allowing the Company to carry forward decisions made and documented under current U.S. GAAP, rather than reassessing all of the Company’s contracts to determine whether they are or contain leases and how they would be classified under ASC 842. The Company has decided not to elect the hindsight practical expedient, which had it been elected, would require the Company to reassess the lease term and assessment of impairment for all of the Company’s leases using the facts and circumstances known up to the adoption date of the standard.

ASC 842 had a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, as all leases currently classified as operating were recognized as ROU assets and lease liabilities upon adoption. In addition, it was determined that two contracts entered into with a related party for two of the Company’s corporate offices that were classified as deemed assets and deemed liabilities under ASC 840 were determined to be operating leases under ASC 842. These deemed assets and liabilities were reclassified on the consolidated balance sheets to ROU assets and lease liabilities and an adjustment to retained earnings was recorded as a cumulative adjustment for the difference in depreciation expense and operating lease expense as of the date of adoption.

The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 is as follows:

ASSETS	As of
	January 1, 2019			Adjustments			December 31, 2018
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		21,013			(370	)		21,383
Total current assets		177,744			(370	)		178,114
Property and equipment, net		37,613			(14,642	)		52,255
Operating lease right-of-use assets		51,854			51,854			-
Total assets	$	1,004,775		$	36,842		$	967,933
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Other current liabilities		10,951			6,090			4,861
Total current liabilities		263,116			6,090			257,026
Operating lease liabilities		45,294			45,294			-
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion		-			(24,484	)		24,484
Deferred income tax liability		3,158			2,719			439
Other long-term liabilities		14,630			(1,930	)		16,560
Total liabilities		405,919			27,689			378,230
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit		(32,334	)		9,153			(41,487	)
Total shareholders’ equity		598,856			9,153			589,703
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,004,775		$	36,842		$	967,933

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” ASU 2018-02 allows for an entity to elect to reclassify the income tax effects on items within accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from U.S. tax reform to retained earnings. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, including interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles- Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 simplifies how an entity assesses goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard on a prospective basis in the first quarter of 2019 and it had no impact to the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about expected credit losses and other commitments to extend credit held by the reporting entity. The standard replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with one that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The update is effective on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2020 and expects no material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

8. LEASES

The Company enters into leases for real estate and equipment. Real estate leases are for our corporate office space and laboratories around the world. Real estate leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to 20 years. Many of the Company’s leases include options to extend the leases on a month to month basis or for set periods for up to 20 years. Many leases also include options to terminate the leases within one year or per other contractual terms.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	13,151
Variable lease cost		2,813

Supplemental cash flow information related to the leases was as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	9,773

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		10,294

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the leases was as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	December 31, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	52,152

Other current liabilities	$	10,977
Operating lease liabilities		45,212
Total operating lease liabilities	$	56,189

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
Operating leases		6.3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.0	%

Lease payments due related to lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Related Party			Non-Related Parties			Total
	Operating Leases			Operating Leases			Operating Leases
2020	$	5,600		$	7,644		$	13,244
2021		5,600			7,435			13,035
2022		5,267			4,664			9,931
2023		3,613			3,916			7,529
2024		3,613			2,875			6,488
Later years		9,665			8,644			18,309
Total lease payments		33,358			35,178			68,536
Less: imputed interest		(6,162	)		(6,185	)		(12,347	)
Total	$	27,196		$	28,993		$	56,189

As of December 31, 2019, we have several additional leases with contractual obligations, which have not yet commenced, with future payments of $133.0 million. This includes a lease related to a corporate office under construction in Cincinnati, Ohio, which has not yet commenced, with future payments of $124.0 million. This lease will commence in fiscal year 2020 with an initial lease term of 20 years and a renewal option for two 10-year terms at prevailing market rates.

Comparative period disclosures under ASC 840:

Rental expense under operating leases totaled $9.2 million and $7.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is allocated between Total direct costs, and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations.

Future minimum rental payments for lease obligations with initial terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

			Non-Related		Total
	Related Party		Parties Operating		Operating
	Operating Leases		Leases		Leases
2019	$	1,987	$	6,186	$	8,173
2020		6,843		6,617		13,460
2021		6,964		5,873		12,837
2022		6,757		3,694		10,451
2023		5,229		3,257		8,486
Thereafter		103,870		5,752		109,622
Total minimum lease payments	$	131,650	$	31,379	$	163,029

Minimum annual payments required in conjunction with the Deemed landlord liabilities as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Related Party				Total
	Minimum Lease		Less:		Principal
	Payments		Interest		Amounts Due
2019	$	3,918	$	1,818	$	2,100
2020		3,988		1,662		2,326
2021		4,039		1,490		2,549
2022		4,092		1,301		2,791
2023		4,145		1,095		3,050
Thereafter		15,697		1,929		13,768
Total	$	35,879	$	9,295	$	26,584

Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Related Party Transactions

14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Employee Loans

The Company periodically extends short term loans or advances to employees, typically upon commencement of employment. Total receivables as a result of these employee advances of $0.2 million existed at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets line items of the consolidated balance sheets, respectively, depending on the contractual repayment date.

Management Fees

In conjunction with the IPO, the Advisory Services Agreement with Cinven Capital Management (V) General Partner Limited (“Cinven”) expired. Subsequent to the IPO, the Company paid fees for director services provided by Cinven employees that were members of the Company’s Board of Directors and any related committees. The director fees were paid directly to Cinven in accordance with the Company’s non-employee director compensation policy. During the third quarter of 2018, Cinven sold its remaining shares of the Company’s common stock and all three members of the Company’s Board affiliated with Cinven subsequently resigned. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred director fees of $0.1 million, respectively. In connection with these fees, Cinven incurred related travel expenses of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Service Agreements

Coherus BioSciences, Inc. (“Coherus”) and MX II Associates, LLC (“MXII”)

The chief executive officer of the Company was a member of Coherus BioSciences, Inc.’s (“Coherus”) board of directors until his resignation in the first quarter of 2018. Coherus is no longer considered a related party as of the first quarter of 2018. During 2011 a related party of the Company in which the Company’s chief executive officer is the managing member, MXII, made an investment in Coherus. In early 2012 the Company made a $2.5 million investment in Coherus. Concurrent with the initial investment, MXII secured the exclusive rights for Medpace to perform Phase I through Phase III clinical trial work for certain Coherus’ “bio-similar” drug compounds executed through a MSA. The agreement provides for a minimum fee commitment for clinical trial services and is cancelable without cause by either party upon 30 days prior notice. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized service revenue of $8.0 million from Coherus in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

In addition, the company recognized Reimbursed out-of-pocket revenue and Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses with Coherus in the consolidated statements of operations of $1.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Xenon”)

Certain executives and employees of the Company, including the chief executive officer, have held equity investments in Xenon, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company. In addition, a Medpace employee was a director of Xenon until May 2015. During the second quarter of 2017, the chief executive officer sold his entire equity position held in Xenon. Xenon is no longer considered to be a related party subsequent to this sale. During July 2015 the Company and Xenon entered into an amended MSA agreement for the Company to provide clinical trial related services. The Company recognized service revenue from Xenon of $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company recognized Reimbursed out-of-pocket revenue and Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses with Xenon in the consolidated statements of operations of $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Cymabay Therapeutics, Inc. (“Cymabay”)

Cymabay is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing therapies to treat metabolic diseases with high unmet medical need, including serious rare and orphan disorders. A Medpace employee was a member Cymabay’s board of directors from the first quarter of 2016 until his resignation in the first quarter of 2020. The Company and Cymabay entered into a MSA dated October 21, 2016. Subsequently, the Company and Cymabay have entered into several task orders for the Company to perform clinical trial related services. The Company recognized total revenue from Cymabay of $13.2 million and $10.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized service revenue from Cymabay of $0.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company had Advanced billings from Cymabay of $1.6 million and less than $0.1 million recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had Accounts receivable and unbilled, net from Cymabay of $1.4 million and $2.5 million recorded in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

LIB Therapeutics LLC and subsidiaries (“LIB”)

Certain executives and employees of the Company, including the chief executive officer, are members of LIB’s board of managers and/or have equity investments in LIB. The Company entered into a MSA dated November 24, 2015 with LIB, a company that engages in research, development, marketing and commercialization of pharmaceutical drugs. Subsequently, the Company and LIB have entered into several task orders for the Company to perform clinical trial related services. The Company recognized total revenue from LIB of $2.0 million and $3.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company recognized service revenue from LIB of $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had, from LIB, Advanced billings of $0.5 million and $0.3 million in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. In addition, the Company had Accounts receivable and unbilled, net from LIB of $0.3 million and $1.0 million in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

CinRX Pharma and subsidiaries (“CinRx”)

Certain executives and employees of the Company, including the chief executive officer, are members of CinRx’s board of managers and/or have equity investments in CinRx, a biotech company. The Company and CinRx have entered into several task orders for the Company to perform clinical trial related services. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized total revenue from CinRx of $3.7 million and $0.5 million in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized service revenue from CinRx of $0.4 million in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had Advanced billings from CinRx of $0.9 million and $0.1 million in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company had Accounts receivable and unbilled, net from CinRx of $0.2 million and $0.4 million in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Summit, a Dolce Hotel (“The Summit”)

The Summit Hotel, located on the Medpace campus, is owned by the chief executive officer, and managed by an unrelated hospitality management entity. Medpace incurs travel lodging and meeting expenses at The Summit. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, Medpace incurred expenses of $0.6 million and $0.4 million at The Summit.

Medpace Investors, LLC (“MPI”)

MPI is a noncontrolling shareholder and related party of Medpace Holdings, Inc. MPI is owned and managed by employees of the Company. The chief executive officer of Medpace is also the manager and majority unit holder of MPI. The Company acted as a paying agent for MPI with taxing authorities principally in instances when employee tax payments or remittance of withholdings related to equity compensation are required. Refer to Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the Tender Offer transaction.

Purchase of Real Estate Properties

In December 2016, the Company entered into a purchase agreement for four parcels of real estate property that are closely situated to the Medpace campus in Cincinnati, Ohio, from AT Redevelopment Company, LLC, which is wholly-owned by the Company’s chief executive officer. The purchase price of the real estate property was $0.4 million as determined by an independent third party broker's opinion of value. The transaction closed on January 11, 2017.

Leased Real Estate

Headquarters Lease

The Company has entered into operating leases for its corporate headquarters and a storage space facility with an entity that is wholly owned by the Company’s chief executive officer. The Company has evaluated its relationship with the related party and concluded that the related party is not a variable interest entity because the Company has no direct ownership interest or relationship other than the leases. The lease for headquarters is for an initial term of twelve years through November 2022 with a renewal option for one 10-year term at prevailing market rates. The Company pays rent, taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses that arise from the use of the properties. Annual base rent for the corporate headquarters allows for adjustments to the rental rate annually for increases in the consumer price index. Under ASC 842, operating lease cost recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $2.0 million and was allocated between Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations. The Operating lease right-of-use assets at December 31, 2019 were $5.3 million in the consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 were $1.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Under ASC 840, lease expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The lease expense was allocated between Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations.

In 2018, Medpace, Inc. entered into a multi-year lease agreement governing future occupancy of additional office space in Cincinnati, Ohio. The lease expires in 2040 and the Company has two 10-year options to extend the term of the lease.

ASC 842 – Operating Leases

The Company entered into two multi-year lease agreements governing the occupancy of space of two buildings in Cincinnati, Ohio with an entity that is wholly owned by the Company’s chief executive officer and certain members of his immediate family. The Company assumed occupancy in 2012 and the leases expire in 2027 with the Company having one 10-year option to extend the lease term. The Company pays rent, taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses that arise from the use of the property. Annual base rent for the corporate headquarters allows for adjustments to the rental rate annually for increases in the consumer price index. Under ASC 842, the Company has

determined that the leases are operating leases. Operating lease cost recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 is $3.6 million. The lease cost was allocated between Total direct costs and Selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations. The Operating lease right-of-use assets at December 31, 2019 were $21.9 million in the consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 were $2.3 million and $19.7 million, respectively, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

ASC 840 - Deemed Assets and Deemed Landlord Liabilities

In accordance with the accounting guidance related to leases, the Company was deemed in substance to be the owner of the property during the construction phase and at completion. Accordingly, the Company reflected the buildings and related liabilities as deemed assets from landlord building construction in Property and equipment, net, Other current liabilities, and Deemed landlord liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. The deemed assets were being fully depreciated, on a straight line basis, over the 15-year term of the lease. Deemed landlord liabilities are recorded at their net present value when the Company enters into qualifying leases and are reduced as the Company makes periodic lease payments on the properties. Accretion expense was being recorded over the term of the lease as a component of Interest expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company paid $3.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The current and long-term portions of the Deemed landlord liability at December 31, 2018 were $2.1 million and $24.5 million, respectively. The Company has recognized $14.6 million of deemed assets, net at December 31, 2018, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Travel Services

The Company incurs expenses for travel services for company executives provided by a private aviation charter company that is owned by the chief executive officer and the executive vice president of operations of the Company (“private aviation charter”). The Company may contract directly with the private aviation charter for the use of its aircraft or indirectly through a third party aircraft management and jet charter company (the “Aircraft Management Company”). The travel services provided are primarily for business purposes, with certain personal travel paid for as part of the executives’ compensation arrangements. The Aircraft Management Company also makes the private aviation charter aircraft available to third parties. The Company incurred travel expenses of $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These travel expenses are recorded in Selling, general and administrative in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had Accounts payable due to Aircraft Management Company of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 860,969	$ 704,589	$ 436,152
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization	321,006	252,284	211,773
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses	294,266	236,775	49,690
Total direct costs	615,272	489,059	261,463
Selling, general and administrative	95,245	75,681	63,357
Depreciation	8,360	9,240	8,574
Amortization	14,829	29,561	37,900
Total operating expenses	733,706	603,541	371,294
Income from operations	127,263	101,048	64,858
Other expense, net:
Miscellaneous (expense) income, net	(863)	1,060	(354)
Interest expense, net	(1,568)	(8,157)	(7,559)
Total other expense, net	(2,431)	(7,097)	(7,913)
Income before income taxes	124,832	93,951	56,945
Income tax provision	24,389	20,766	17,823
Net income	$ 100,443	$ 73,185	$ 39,122
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$ 2.79	$ 2.05	$ 1.00
Diluted	$ 2.67	$ 1.97	$ 0.98
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	35,881	35,547	39,056
Diluted	37,576	36,912	39,839
Revenue Net
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 860,969	$ 704,589	$ 0
Direct Service Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	0	0	386,462
Reimbursed Out of Pocket Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 49,690

Leases - Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 9,773
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$ 10,294

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Company's Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities	$ 12,229	$ 18,670
Depreciation and amortization	1,121	872
Foreign operating loss carryforward	447	248
U.S. state and local tax credits and carryforward	184	223
Other	96	41
Valuation allowance	(755)	(169)
Total deferred tax assets	13,322	19,885
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization	(21,787)	(18,803)
Prepaid expenses	(808)	(550)
Advanced billings	(3,147)	0
Other	(53)	(258)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(25,795)	(19,611)
Net deferred tax liability	$ (12,473)
Net deferred tax asset		$ 274

Employee Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan name	401(k) plan
Maximum annual contribution by employee, percentage of pre-tax earnings	50.00%
U.S. Employees
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Recognized cost of employee benefit plan	$ 3.1	$ 2.7	$ 2.3
Minimum period of service required for matching contribution eligibility	1 year
Minimum required period of service for employer contributions to fully vest	3 years
Non-U.S. Employees \| Defined Contribution Arrangements
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Recognized cost of employee benefit plan	$ 1.2	$ 1.0	$ 0.9

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

11. INCOME TAXES

US Tax Reform

The “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (TCJA) was enacted on December 22, 2017 and it significantly reforms the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The TCJA, among other things, includes a reduction in the U.S. federal tax rate from 35% to 21%, allows for the expensing of capital expenditures, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings and puts into effect the migration from a “worldwide” system of taxation to a territorial system.

The Company recognized the income tax effects of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (TCJA) in its audited consolidated financial statements on our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides Securities and Exchange Commission staff guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period in which the TCJA was signed into law. The guidance also provides for a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date for the Company to complete the accounting for the U.S. tax law changes. As such, the Company’s 2017 financial results reflected the provisional estimate of the income tax effects of the TCJA.

The Company completed its analysis of the TCJA in 2018 and adjusted the 2017 provisional estimates to the final amounts. A summary of the provisional and final amounts is included below:

•

Transition tax on unrepatriated foreign earnings: The Company originally estimated a transition tax expense of $0.6 million and the final transition tax liability is $0.7 million. The adjustment unfavorably impacted the effective tax rate by approximately 0.1%.

•

Reduction of U.S. Federal Corporate Tax Rate: The Company originally estimated a provisional tax benefit of $3.4 million related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets/liabilities as of December 31, 2017 were adjusted to match the balances per the 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return. The revised deferred balance was then adjusted from a 35% tax rate to a 21% tax rate. This resulted in a final tax benefit of approximately $3.6 million. The adjustment favorably impacted the effective tax rate by approximately 0.2%.

•

Indefinite reinvestment assertion: Prior to the passage of the TCJA, the Company asserted that all of the undistributed foreign earnings of its foreign subsidiaries were considered indefinitely reinvested and accordingly, no deferred taxes were provided. Beginning in 2018, the TCJA provides a 100% deduction for dividends received from 10-percent owned foreign corporations by U.S. corporate shareholders, subject to a one-year holding period. Although dividend income is now exempt from U.S. federal tax in the hands of the U.S. corporate shareholders, companies must still apply the guidance of ASC 740-30-25-18 to account for the tax consequences of outside basis differences and other tax impacts of their investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company has accrued the Transition Tax on the deemed repatriated earnings that were previously indefinitely reinvested. The Company has not recorded deferred foreign withholding taxes on approximately $21.1 million of pre-2018 earnings which are considered permanently reinvested.

•

Global intangible low taxed income (GILTI): The TCJA creates a new requirement that certain income (i.e., GILTI) earned by foreign subsidiaries must be included currently in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder. The Company has made an accounting policy election to treat GILTI taxes as a current period expense.

The Company files income tax returns for U.S. federal and various U.S. states, as well as various foreign jurisdictions. The liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits are carried in Other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets because the payment of cash is not anticipated within one year of the balance sheet date.

The components of income before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Domestic	$	117,326	$	88,014	$	52,986
Foreign jurisdictions		7,506		5,937		3,959
Income before income taxes	$	124,832	$	93,951	$	56,945

Income tax provision consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Current		Deferred			Total
Year ended December 31, 2019
U.S. Federal	$	10,577	$	8,922		$	19,499
U.S. state and local		1,761		987			2,748
Foreign jurisdictions		2,023		119			2,142
	$	14,361	$	10,028		$	24,389

Year ended December 31, 2018
U.S. Federal	$	13,372	$	4,172		$	17,544
U.S. state and local		1,912		(116	)		1,796
Foreign jurisdictions		1,408		18			1,426
	$	16,692	$	4,074		$	20,766

Year ended December 31, 2017
U.S. Federal	$	10,953	$	3,466		$	14,419
U.S. state and local		2,032		51			2,083
Foreign jurisdictions		1,576		(255	)		1,321
	$	14,561	$	3,262		$	17,823

The difference between the statutory rate for federal income tax and the effective income tax rate was as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					2017
Income tax expense calculated at the federal statutory rate	$	26,215		21.0	%	$	19,730		21.0	%	$	19,931		35.0	%
Effect of:
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit		2,021		1.6			1,978		2.1			1,606		2.8
Tax on foreign earnings, net of tax credits and deductions		593		0.4			172		0.2			(69	)	(0.1	)
Tax reform adjustment		-		-			(195	)	(0.2	)		(3,418	)	(6.0	)
Write off of Deferred Tax Assets		-		-			509		0.6			-		-
Deferred credit		(802	)	(0.6	)		(802	)	(0.9	)		(1,053	)	(1.9	)
Permanent items:
Stock-based awards		(3,011	)	(2.4	)		(651	)	(0.7	)		(179	)	(0.3	)
Tax reform		-		-			126		0.1			574		1.0
Deduction for FDII		(2,283	)	(1.8	)		-		-			-		-
Other		964		0.8			687		0.7			483		0.9
State/Local tax credits		(793	)	(0.6	)		(1,253	)	(1.3	)		(1,187	)	(2.1	)
Foreign tax credits		-		-			(727	)	(0.8	)		-		-
Change in liability for uncertain tax positions		1,325		1.0			1,102		1.2			1,141		2.0
Other		160		0.1			90		0.1			(6	)	(0.0	)
	$	24,389		19.5	%	$	20,766		22.1	%	$	17,823		31.3	%

Components of the Company’s net deferred tax asset (liability) included in the consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):


	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities	$	12,229		$	18,670
Depreciation and amortization		1,121			872
Foreign operating loss carryforward		447			248
U.S. state and local tax credits and carryforward		184			223
Other		96			41
Valuation allowance		(755	)		(169	)
Total deferred tax assets		13,322			19,885

Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization		(21,787	)		(18,803	)
Prepaid expenses		(808	)		(550	)
Advanced billings		(3,147	)		-
Other		(53	)		(258	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(25,795	)		(19,611	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	(12,473	)	$	274

U.S. state and local tax credits noted above will expire in 2024 if not utilized.

The Company has foreign operating loss carryforwards for which a deferred tax asset of $0.4 million has been established. The Company has a valuation allowance of $0.4 million against this deferred tax asset based upon its assessment that it is more likely than not that this amount will not be realized. The ultimate realization of this tax benefit is dependent upon the generation of sufficient operating income in the respective tax jurisdictions. Approximately 28% of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards can be utilized over an indefinite period whereas the remainder will expire at various times from 2020 to 2029 if not utilized.

In May 2017, the Company acquired Nephrogenex which included deferred tax assets of $22.2 million, consisting of tax effected net operating losses in the amount of $13.5 million, tax effected capitalized research and development expenses of $8.5 million and tax effected federal tax credits of $0.2 million, and deferred tax liabilities of $0.1 million. In 2018, the Company disposed of approximately $7.4 million in deferred tax assets and reduced the deferred credit by approximately $6.9 million (net increase in tax expense of approximately $0.5 million) as a result of an IRC Section 382 ownership shift that occurred as a result of Cinven’s sales of the Company’s securities. The ownership shift resulted in a limitation in the ability to utilize the acquired tax attributes and resulted in the described asset write-off and reduction of the deferred credit.

Annual activity related to the Company’s valuation allowance is as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Beginning Balance	$	169		$	2,394		$	987
Additions charged to expense		375			-			-
Additions due to asset acquisition		265			-			2,033
Reductions from utilization, reassessments and expirations		(54	)		(2,225	)		3
Remeasurement due to effect of tax reform		-			-			(629	)
Ending Balance	$	755		$	169		$	2,394

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Beginning Balance	$	8,525		$	6,890		$	5,698
Increases in tax positions for prior years		-			-			5
Decreases in tax positions for prior years		(888	)		(579	)		-
Increases in tax positions for current year		2,081			2,214			1,187
Lapse in statute of limitations		-			-			-
Ending Balance	$	9,718		$	8,525		$	6,890

Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as components of Income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no material change to tax-related interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company has a liability for interest and penalties of $1.4 million and $1.0 million that is associated with related tax liabilities of $8.2 million and $7.2 million for uncertain tax positions.

The Company operates in various foreign, state and local jurisdictions. The number of tax years for which the statute of limitations remains open for foreign, state and local jurisdictions varies by jurisdiction and is approximately four years (2015 through 2019). For federal tax purposes, the Company’s open tax years are 2016 through 2019.

Leases - Schedule of Lease Payments Due Related To Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Operating Lease Liabilities Payments Due [Line Items]
2020	$ 13,244
2021	13,035
2022	9,931
2023	7,529
2024	6,488
Later years	18,309
Total lease payments	68,536
Less: imputed interest	(12,347)
Total	56,189
Related Party
Operating Lease Liabilities Payments Due [Line Items]
2020	5,600
2021	5,600
2022	5,267
2023	3,613
2024	3,613
Later years	9,665
Total lease payments	33,358
Less: imputed interest	(6,162)
Total	27,196
Non-Related Party
Operating Lease Liabilities Payments Due [Line Items]
2020	7,644
2021	7,435
2022	4,664
2023	3,916
2024	2,875
Later years	8,644
Total lease payments	35,178
Less: imputed interest	(6,185)
Total	$ 28,993

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Company's Contract Asset and Contract Liability

Accounts receivable and unbilled, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	December 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Accounts receivable	$	127,877		$	85,120
Unbilled receivables		28,368			49,361
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(583	)		(1,032	)
Total accounts receivable and unbilled, net	$	155,662		$	133,449

Advanced billings consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Advanced billings	$	192,359	$	147,935

Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Account Activity

A rollforward of allowance for doubtful account activity is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts - beginning balance	$	(1,032	)	$	(673	)	$	(3,222	)
Current year provision		(263	)		(791	)		(250	)
Write-offs, recoveries and the effects of foreign currency exchange		712			432			2,799
Allowance for doubtful accounts - ending balance	$	(583	)	$	(1,032	)	$	(673	)

Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Medpace Holdings, Inc. together with its subsidiaries, (“Medpace” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is a global provider of clinical research-based drug and medical device development services. The Company partners with pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies in the development and execution of clinical trials. The Company’s drug development services focus on full service Phase I-IV clinical development services and include development plan design, coordinated central laboratory, project management, regulatory affairs, clinical monitoring, data management and analysis, pharmacovigilance new drug application submissions, and post-marketing clinical support. The Company also provides bio-analytical laboratory services, clinical human pharmacology, imaging services, and electrocardiography reading support for clinical trials.

The Company’s operations are principally based in North America, Europe, and Asia.

Share Repurchases

Secondary Offerings

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

3. CONTRACT ASSETS AND CONTRACT LIABILITIES

Contract assets and liabilities are reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets within the accounts reflected below.

Contract Assets

Accounts receivable represent amounts due from the Company’s customers who are concentrated primarily in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. Unbilled represents revenue recognized to date that has not been billed or is not yet contractually billable to the customer. In general, amounts become billable upon the achievement of negotiated contractual events, in accordance with predetermined payment schedules or when a reimbursable expense has been incurred. Amounts classified to unbilled are those billable to customers within one year from the respective balance sheet date.

Accounts receivable and unbilled, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	December 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Accounts receivable	$	127,877		$	85,120
Unbilled receivables		28,368			49,361
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(583	)		(1,032	)
Total accounts receivable and unbilled, net	$	155,662		$	133,449

Unbilled receivables decreased to $28.4 million at December 31, 2019 from $49.4 million at December 31, 2018.

Contract Liabilities

Advanced billings represents cash received from customers, or billed amounts per an agreed upon payment schedule, in advance of services being performed or revenue being recognized.

Advanced billings consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Advanced billings	$	192,359	$	147,935

Advanced billings increased to $192.4 million at December 31, 2019, from $147.9 million at December 31, 2018.

A rollforward of allowance for doubtful account activity is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts - beginning balance	$	(1,032	)	$	(673	)	$	(3,222	)
Current year provision		(263	)		(791	)		(250	)
Write-offs, recoveries and the effects of foreign currency exchange		712			432			2,799
Allowance for doubtful accounts - ending balance	$	(583	)	$	(1,032	)	$	(673	)

Leases - Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets And Liabilities Lessee [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 52,152	$ 0
Other current liabilities	$ 10,977
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
Operating lease liabilities	$ 45,212	$ 0
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 56,189
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
Operating leases	6 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	6.00%

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities - Summary of Advanced Bllings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Advanced billings	$ 192,359	$ 147,935

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):


	2019			2018
Land	$	1,577		$	1,240
Equipment		20,225			15,437
Furniture, fixtures, and leasehold improvements		24,624			20,892
Computer hardware, software, and phone equipment		15,958			11,566
Buildings		13,272			8,145
Deemed assets from landlord building construction		-			22,752
Construction-in-progress		3,265			5,334
Property and equipment at cost		78,921			85,366
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(31,629	)		(33,111	)
Property and equipment, net	$	47,292		$	52,255

Leases - Summary of Components of Lease Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Lease Cost [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 13,151
Variable lease cost	$ 2,813

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Schedule of Reconciliation of Denominators and Additional Shares that are Excluded from the Calculation of EPS

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for earnings per share):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Weighted-average shares:
Common shares outstanding		35,881		35,547		39,056
RSAs		100		142		90
Total weighted-average shares		35,981		35,689		39,146
Earnings per common share—Basic
Net income	$	100,443	$	73,185	$	39,122
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to RSAs		279		291		90
Net income available to common shareholders—Basic	$	100,164	$	72,894	$	39,032

Net income per common share—Basic	$	2.79	$	2.05	$	1.00

Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		35,881		35,547		39,056
Effect of diluted shares		1,695		1,365		783
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding		37,576		36,912		39,839

Net income per common share—Diluted	$	2.67	$	1.97	$	0.98

Summary of Impact of Adoption of Accounting Standards

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Revenue:
Revenue, net	$	704,589	$	(704,589	)	$	-
Service revenue, net		-		478,063			478,063
Reimbursed out-of-pocket revenue		-		71,305			71,305
Total revenue		704,589		(155,221	)		549,368
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization		252,284		-			252,284
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses		236,775		(165,470	)		71,305
Total direct costs		489,059		(165,470	)		323,589
Total operating expenses		603,541		(165,470	)		438,071
Income from operations		101,048		10,249			111,297
Income before income taxes		93,951		10,249			104,200
Income tax provision		20,766		1,882			22,648
Net income	$	73,185	$	8,367		$	81,552
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$	2.05	$	0.24		$	2.29
Diluted	$	1.97	$	0.23		$	2.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		35,547		-			35,547
Diluted		36,912		-			36,912

ASSETS	As of December 31, 2018
Current assets:	As Reported			Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		133,449			(28,729	)		104,720
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		21,383			1,147			22,530
Total current assets		178,114			(27,582	)		150,532
Deferred income taxes		713			(389	)		324
Total assets	$	967,933		$	(27,971	)	$	939,962
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses		87,493			(51,109	)		36,384
Pre-funded study costs		-			61,156			61,156
Advanced billings		147,935			(41,732	)		106,203
Other current liabilities		4,861			(590	)		4,271
Total current liabilities		257,026			(32,275	)		224,751
Deferred income tax liability		439			2,049			2,488
Other long-term liabilities		16,560			(382	)		16,178
Total liabilities		378,230			(30,608	)		347,622
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit		(41,487	)		2,637			(38,850	)
Total shareholders’ equity		589,703			2,637			592,340
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	967,933		$	(27,971	)	$	939,962

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported			Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Net income		73,185			8,367			81,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax provision		3,942			4,002			7,944
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		(27,047	)		4,842			(22,205	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,241	)		(1,147	)		(2,388	)
Accrued expenses		29,029			(15,967	)		13,062
Pre-funded study costs		-			3,782			3,782
Advanced billings		35,593			(2,907	)		32,686
Other assets and liabilities, net		1,925			(972	)		953
Net cash provided by operating activities		156,584			-			156,584

ASU 2016-02

Summary of Impact of Adoption of Accounting Standards

The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 is as follows:

ASSETS	As of
	January 1, 2019			Adjustments			December 31, 2018
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		21,013			(370	)		21,383
Total current assets		177,744			(370	)		178,114
Property and equipment, net		37,613			(14,642	)		52,255
Operating lease right-of-use assets		51,854			51,854			-
Total assets	$	1,004,775		$	36,842		$	967,933
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Other current liabilities		10,951			6,090			4,861
Total current liabilities		263,116			6,090			257,026
Operating lease liabilities		45,294			45,294			-
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion		-			(24,484	)		24,484
Deferred income tax liability		3,158			2,719			439
Other long-term liabilities		14,630			(1,930	)		16,560
Total liabilities		405,919			27,689			378,230
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit		(32,334	)		9,153			(41,487	)
Total shareholders’ equity		598,856			9,153			589,703
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,004,775		$	36,842		$	967,933

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 100,443	$ 73,185	$ 39,122
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(224)	(1,783)	3,008
Comprehensive income	$ 100,219	$ 71,402	$ 42,130

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Customer shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Customer shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares	Jan. 01, 2018 USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Sales rebates	$ 6,200,000	$ 1,200,000	$ 200,000
Performance obligations remaining to be performed	$ 1,400,000,000	$ 1,100,000,000
Number of customers accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable \| Customer	0	0
Disbursement of pre-funded study costs			138,700,000
Fair value measurements transfers between level 1, level 2, or level 3	$ 0	$ 0	0
Accumulated deficit	68,109,000	(41,487,000)
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net	155,662,000	133,449,000
Deferred income tax liability	12,849,000	439,000
Accrued expenses	109,252,000	87,493,000
Pre-funded study costs		0
Advanced billings	$ 192,359,000	147,935,000
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - Adjustments
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit		2,637,000		$ 5,700,000
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		(28,729,000)		23,900,000
Deferred income tax liability		2,049,000		(1,600,000)
Accrued expenses		(51,109,000)		35,100,000
Pre-funded study costs		61,156,000		(57,400,000)
Advanced billings		$ (41,732,000)		$ 38,900,000
Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	15 years
Maximum \| Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Discrete Adjustments to Income Tax Expense Benefit			$ 100,000
Maximum \| Computer Hardware Software Phone and Medical Imaging Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	5 years
Maximum \| Furniture and Fixtures and Other Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	7 years
Maximum \| Buildings
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	40 years
Maximum \| Computer Software Developed Costs
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	3 years
Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	5 years
Minimum \| Computer Hardware Software Phone and Medical Imaging Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	3 years
Minimum \| Furniture and Fixtures and Other Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	5 years
Minimum \| Buildings
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of assets	30 years
Stock Options
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted EPS \| shares	248	121	63
Miscellaneous Income (Expense), Net
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Net gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions	$ (600,000)	$ 400,000	$ (1,000,000.0)
Selling, General and Administrative
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Advertisement expenses	$ 700,000	$ 800,000	$ 600,000

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

Debt consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):



	2019		2018
Term loan	$	-	$	80,438
Less unamortized discount		-		(282	)
Less unamortized term loan debt issuance costs		-		(435	)
Long-term debt, net, less current portion	$	-	$	79,721

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

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+ Details

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) - Schedule of Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Revenue, net	$ 229,886	$ 216,238	$ 214,104	$ 200,741	$ 192,115	$ 179,253	$ 170,144	$ 163,077	$ 860,969	$ 704,589	$ 436,152
Total direct costs	167,187	152,070	150,312	145,703	131,133	123,996	116,676	117,254	615,272	489,059	261,463
Income from operations	36,118	29,991	35,259	25,895	30,666	26,918	23,345	20,119	127,263	101,048	64,858
Net income	$ 29,813	$ 23,977	$ 27,455	$ 19,198	$ 22,761	$ 19,305	$ 16,568	$ 14,551	$ 100,443	$ 73,185	$ 39,122
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Basic	$ 0.82	$ 0.67	$ 0.76	$ 0.54	$ 0.64	$ 0.54	$ 0.46	$ 0.41	$ 2.79	$ 2.05	$ 1.00
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - Diluted	$ 0.78	$ 0.63	$ 0.73	$ 0.51	$ 0.61	$ 0.52	$ 0.45	$ 0.40	$ 2.67	$ 1.97	$ 0.98

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Impact of Adoption of Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Jan. 01, 2019	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 229,886	$ 216,238	$ 214,104	$ 200,741	$ 192,115	$ 179,253	$ 170,144	$ 163,077	$ 860,969	$ 704,589	$ 436,152
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization									321,006	252,284	211,773
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses									294,266	236,775	49,690
Total direct costs	167,187	152,070	150,312	145,703	131,133	123,996	116,676	117,254	615,272	489,059	261,463
Total operating expenses									733,706	603,541	371,294
Income from operations	36,118	29,991	35,259	25,895	30,666	26,918	23,345	20,119	127,263	101,048	64,858
Income before income taxes									124,832	93,951	56,945
Income tax provision									24,389	20,766	17,823
Net income	$ 29,813	$ 23,977	$ 27,455	$ 19,198	$ 22,761	$ 19,305	$ 16,568	$ 14,551	$ 100,443	$ 73,185	$ 39,122
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$ 0.82	$ 0.67	$ 0.76	$ 0.54	$ 0.64	$ 0.54	$ 0.46	$ 0.41	$ 2.79	$ 2.05	$ 1.00
Diluted	$ 0.78	$ 0.63	$ 0.73	$ 0.51	$ 0.61	$ 0.52	$ 0.45	$ 0.40	$ 2.67	$ 1.97	$ 0.98
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic									35,881	35,547	39,056
Diluted									37,576	36,912	39,839
Current assets:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net	$ 155,662				$ 133,449				$ 155,662	$ 133,449
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,446				21,383				29,446	21,383
Total current assets	317,028				178,114				317,028	178,114
Deferred income taxes	376				713				376	713
Property and equipment, net	47,292				52,255				47,292	52,255
Operating lease right-of-use assets	52,152				0				52,152	0
Total assets	1,143,071				967,933				1,143,071	967,933
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses	109,252				87,493				109,252	87,493
Pre-funded study costs					0					0
Advanced billings	192,359				147,935				192,359	147,935
Other current liabilities	18,987				4,861				18,987	4,861
Total current liabilities	343,002				257,026				343,002	257,026
Operating lease liabilities	45,212				0				45,212	0
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion	0				24,484				0	24,484
Deferred income tax liability	12,849				439				12,849	439
Other long-term liabilities	15,725				16,560				15,725	16,560
Total liabilities	416,788				378,230				416,788	378,230
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit	68,109				(41,487)				68,109	(41,487)
Total shareholders’ equity	726,283				589,703				726,283	589,703	$ 503,530			$ 610,710
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 1,143,071				967,933				1,143,071	967,933
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income									100,443	73,185	39,122
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax provision									10,050	3,942	3,237
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net									(21,256)	(27,047)	(2,898)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets									(7,381)	(1,241)	(3,533)
Accrued expenses									21,824	29,029	(1,313)
Pre-funded study costs									0	0	5,292
Advanced billings									44,584	35,593	7,735
Other assets and liabilities, net									2,121	1,925	2,782
Net cash provided by operating activities									201,867	156,584	97,385
Revenue Net
Revenue:
Total revenue									860,969	704,589	0
Direct Service Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue									0	0	386,462
Reimbursed Out-of-Pocket Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue									$ 0	0	$ 49,690
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - Adjustments
Revenue:
Total revenue										(155,221)
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization										0
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses										(165,470)
Total direct costs										(165,470)
Total operating expenses										(165,470)
Income from operations										10,249
Income before income taxes										10,249
Income tax provision										1,882
Net income										$ 8,367
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic										$ 0.24
Diluted										$ 0.23
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic										0
Diluted										0
Current assets:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net					(28,729)					$ (28,729)			$ 23,900
Prepaid expenses and other current assets					1,147					1,147
Total current assets					(27,582)					(27,582)
Deferred income taxes					(389)					(389)
Total assets					(27,971)					(27,971)
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses					(51,109)					(51,109)			35,100
Pre-funded study costs					61,156					61,156			(57,400)
Advanced billings					(41,732)					(41,732)			38,900
Other current liabilities					(590)					(590)
Total current liabilities					(32,275)					(32,275)
Deferred income tax liability					2,049					2,049			(1,600)
Other long-term liabilities					(382)					(382)
Total liabilities					(30,608)					(30,608)
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit					2,637					2,637			$ 5,700
Total shareholders’ equity					2,637					2,637
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity					(27,971)					(27,971)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income										8,367
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax provision										4,002
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net										4,842
Prepaid expenses and other current assets										(1,147)
Accrued expenses										(15,967)
Pre-funded study costs										3,782
Advanced billings										(2,907)
Other assets and liabilities, net										(972)
Net cash provided by operating activities										0
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - Adjustments \| Revenue Net
Revenue:
Total revenue										(704,589)
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - Adjustments \| Direct Service Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue										478,063
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - Adjustments \| Reimbursed Out-of-Pocket Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue										71,305
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - As Revised under ASC 605
Revenue:
Total revenue										549,368
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization										252,284
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses										71,305
Total direct costs										323,589
Total operating expenses										438,071
Income from operations										111,297
Income before income taxes										104,200
Income tax provision										22,648
Net income										$ 81,552
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic										$ 2.29
Diluted										$ 2.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic										35,547
Diluted										36,912
Current assets:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net					104,720					$ 104,720
Prepaid expenses and other current assets					22,530					22,530
Total current assets					150,532					150,532
Deferred income taxes					324					324
Total assets					939,962					939,962
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses					36,384					36,384
Pre-funded study costs					61,156					61,156
Advanced billings					106,203					106,203
Other current liabilities					4,271					4,271
Total current liabilities					224,751					224,751
Deferred income tax liability					2,488					2,488
Other long-term liabilities					16,178					16,178
Total liabilities					347,622					347,622
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit					(38,850)					(38,850)
Total shareholders’ equity					592,340					592,340
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity					$ 939,962					939,962
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income										81,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax provision										7,944
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net										(22,205)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets										(2,388)
Accrued expenses										13,062
Pre-funded study costs										3,782
Advanced billings										32,686
Other assets and liabilities, net										953
Net cash provided by operating activities										156,584
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - As Revised under ASC 605 \| Revenue Net
Revenue:
Total revenue										0
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - As Revised under ASC 605 \| Direct Service Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue										478,063
ASU 2014-09 \| Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 - As Revised under ASC 605 \| Reimbursed Out-of-Pocket Revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue										$ 71,305
ASU 2016-02
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets												$ 21,013
Total current assets												177,744
Property and equipment, net												37,613
Operating lease right-of-use assets												51,854
Total assets												1,004,775
Current liabilities:
Other current liabilities												10,951
Total current liabilities												263,116
Operating lease liabilities												45,294
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion												0
Deferred income tax liability												3,158
Other long-term liabilities												14,630
Total liabilities												405,919
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit												(32,334)
Total shareholders’ equity												598,856
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity												1,004,775
ASU 2016-02 \| Adjustments
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets												(370)
Total current assets												(370)
Property and equipment, net												(14,642)
Operating lease right-of-use assets												51,854
Total assets												36,842
Current liabilities:
Other current liabilities												6,090
Total current liabilities												6,090
Operating lease liabilities												45,294
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion												(24,484)
Deferred income tax liability												2,719
Other long-term liabilities												(1,930)
Total liabilities												27,689
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit												9,153
Total shareholders’ equity												9,153
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity												$ 36,842

Miscellaneous (Expense) Income, Net - Components of Miscellaneous (Expense) Income, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Income And Expenses [Abstract]
Net (loss) gain on foreign-currency transactions	$ (581)	$ 386	$ (1,004)
Other (expense) income	(282)	674	650
Miscellaneous (expense) income, net	$ (863)	$ 1,060	$ (354)

Shareholders' Equity -Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions Used in BSM Model to Calculate Fair Value of Options (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Fair Value Assumptions And Methodology [Abstract]
Expected holding period - years	2 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 4 months 24 days
Expected volatility	26.30%	27.00%	28.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.00%	2.80%	2.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Miscellaneous (Expense) Income , Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Other Income And Expenses [Abstract]

Components of Miscellaneous (Expense) Income , Net

Miscellaneous (expense) income, net consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		2017
Net (loss) gain on foreign-currency transactions	$	(581	)	$	386	$	(1,004	)
Other (expense) income		(282	)		674		650
Miscellaneous (expense) income, net	$	(863	)	$	1,060	$	(354	)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$ 202,600	$ 202,600
Accumulated amortization:
Total accumulated amortization	(179,896)	(165,067)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	22,704	37,533
Trade name (indefinite-lived)	31,646	31,646
Total intangible assets, net	54,350	69,179
Customer Relationships
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Total finite-lived intangible assets	145,051	145,051
Accumulated amortization:
Total accumulated amortization	(122,426)	(110,636)
Developed Technologies
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Total finite-lived intangible assets	54,475	54,475
Accumulated amortization:
Total accumulated amortization	(54,475)	(51,751)
Other
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Total finite-lived intangible assets	3,074	3,074
Accumulated amortization:
Total accumulated amortization	$ (2,995)	$ (2,680)

Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Lease Obligations under ASC 840 (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating Leases, 2019	$ 8,173
Operating Leases, 2020	13,460
Operating Leases, 2021	12,837
Operating Leases, 2022	10,451
Operating Leases, 2023	8,486
Operating Leases, Thereafter	109,622
Operating Leases, Total minimum lease payments	163,029
Related Party
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating Leases, 2019	1,987
Operating Leases, 2020	6,843
Operating Leases, 2021	6,964
Operating Leases, 2022	6,757
Operating Leases, 2023	5,229
Operating Leases, Thereafter	103,870
Operating Leases, Total minimum lease payments	131,650
Non-Related Party
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating Leases, 2019	6,186
Operating Leases, 2020	6,617
Operating Leases, 2021	5,873
Operating Leases, 2022	3,694
Operating Leases, 2023	3,257
Operating Leases, Thereafter	5,752
Operating Leases, Total minimum lease payments	$ 31,379

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

Use of Estimates

Reportable Segments

Foreign Currencies

Revenue Recognition

Contract Assumptions

The Company records revenue net of any tax assessments by governmental authorities that are imposed and concurrent with specific revenue generating transactions.

Performance Obligations

On December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had approximately $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion of performance obligations remaining to be performed for active projects.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Costs and Expenses

Income Taxes

Research and Development Credits

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans for which it incurs compensation expense.

Equity Awards

Net Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for earnings per share):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Weighted-average shares:
Common shares outstanding		35,881		35,547		39,056
RSAs		100		142		90
Total weighted-average shares		35,981		35,689		39,146
Earnings per common share—Basic
Net income	$	100,443	$	73,185	$	39,122
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to RSAs		279		291		90
Net income available to common shareholders—Basic	$	100,164	$	72,894	$	39,032

Net income per common share—Basic	$	2.79	$	2.05	$	1.00

Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		35,881		35,547		39,056
Effect of diluted shares		1,695		1,365		783
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding		37,576		36,912		39,839

Net income per common share—Diluted	$	2.67	$	1.97	$	0.98

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations based on directly observable inputs or unobservable inputs corroborated by market data.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash

Accounts Receivable and Unbilled, Net

Inventory

Property and Equipment

Leases

Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option as determined at lease commencement.

Many of our lease agreements have both lease and non-lease components, which the Company has elected to treat as a single lease component for recognition purposes.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Advanced Billings

Advanced billings represents cash received from customers, or billed amounts per an agreed upon payment schedule, in advance of services being performed or revenue being recognized.

Deemed Landlord Liabilities

Deemed landlord liabilities are recorded at their net present value when the Company enters into qualifying leases and are reduced as the Company makes periodic lease payments on the properties.

Other Current Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

•

Upon adoption, no other aspects of ASU 2016-09 had an effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements or related footnote disclosures.

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Revenue:
Revenue, net	$	704,589	$	(704,589	)	$	-
Service revenue, net		-		478,063			478,063
Reimbursed out-of-pocket revenue		-		71,305			71,305
Total revenue		704,589		(155,221	)		549,368
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization		252,284		-			252,284
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses		236,775		(165,470	)		71,305
Total direct costs		489,059		(165,470	)		323,589
Total operating expenses		603,541		(165,470	)		438,071
Income from operations		101,048		10,249			111,297
Income before income taxes		93,951		10,249			104,200
Income tax provision		20,766		1,882			22,648
Net income	$	73,185	$	8,367		$	81,552
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$	2.05	$	0.24		$	2.29
Diluted	$	1.97	$	0.23		$	2.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		35,547		-			35,547
Diluted		36,912		-			36,912

ASSETS	As of December 31, 2018
Current assets:	As Reported			Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		133,449			(28,729	)		104,720
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		21,383			1,147			22,530
Total current assets		178,114			(27,582	)		150,532
Deferred income taxes		713			(389	)		324
Total assets	$	967,933		$	(27,971	)	$	939,962
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses		87,493			(51,109	)		36,384
Pre-funded study costs		-			61,156			61,156
Advanced billings		147,935			(41,732	)		106,203
Other current liabilities		4,861			(590	)		4,271
Total current liabilities		257,026			(32,275	)		224,751
Deferred income tax liability		439			2,049			2,488
Other long-term liabilities		16,560			(382	)		16,178
Total liabilities		378,230			(30,608	)		347,622
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit		(41,487	)		2,637			(38,850	)
Total shareholders’ equity		589,703			2,637			592,340
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	967,933		$	(27,971	)	$	939,962

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported			Adjustments			As Revised under ASC 605
Net income		73,185			8,367			81,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax provision		3,942			4,002			7,944
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		(27,047	)		4,842			(22,205	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,241	)		(1,147	)		(2,388	)
Accrued expenses		29,029			(15,967	)		13,062
Pre-funded study costs		-			3,782			3,782
Advanced billings		35,593			(2,907	)		32,686
Other assets and liabilities, net		1,925			(972	)		953
Net cash provided by operating activities		156,584			-			156,584

The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 as of January 1, 2019 is as follows:

ASSETS	As of
	January 1, 2019			Adjustments			December 31, 2018
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		21,013			(370	)		21,383
Total current assets		177,744			(370	)		178,114
Property and equipment, net		37,613			(14,642	)		52,255
Operating lease right-of-use assets		51,854			51,854			-
Total assets	$	1,004,775		$	36,842		$	967,933
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Other current liabilities		10,951			6,090			4,861
Total current liabilities		263,116			6,090			257,026
Operating lease liabilities		45,294			45,294			-
Deemed landlord liability, less current portion		-			(24,484	)		24,484
Deferred income tax liability		3,158			2,719			439
Other long-term liabilities		14,630			(1,930	)		16,560
Total liabilities		405,919			27,689			378,230
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated deficit		(32,334	)		9,153			(41,487	)
Total shareholders’ equity		598,856			9,153			589,703
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,004,775		$	36,842		$	967,933

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Entity Wide Disclosures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Entity Wide Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Region


	2019		2018
Property and equipment, net:
United States	$	25,603	$	38,609
Europe
Belgium		10,045		6,014
Other		5,728		5,500
Total Europe		15,773		11,514
Asia-Pacific		5,671		1,930
Other		245		202
Total property and equipment, net	$	47,292	$	52,255

Summary of Revenue by Major Source

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Therapeutic Area
Oncology	$	256,766	$	189,056
Other		222,514		163,983
Metabolic		138,650		124,837
Cardiology		91,258		95,213
AVAI		86,390		77,271
Central Nervous System		65,391		54,229
Total revenue	$	860,969	$	704,589

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Stock Options Expected To Vest, Stock Options Exercisable, and Unvested Restricted Share Awards Expected To Vest (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Number of stock options expected to vest	$ 34.50
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Total stock options exercisable - December 31, 2019	$ 38.62	$ 16.01	$ 15.40
Number of stock options expected to vest	3,030,071
Number of Restricted Shares expected to vest	569,770
Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years), Number of stock options expected to vest	4 years
Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years), Total stock options exercisable - December 31, 2019	3 years 7 months 6 days
Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of stock options expected to vest	3,030,071
Total stock options exercisable - December 31, 2019	1,435,088
Unrecognized compensation cost - December 31, 2019	$ 5,884
Weighted average years over which unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized	1 year 10 months 24 days
RSAs
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average years over which unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized	2 years 10 months 24 days
Number of Restricted Shares expected to vest	569,770
Unrecognized compensation cost - December 31, 2018	$ 19,697

Shareholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 11, 2016
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		859,960	584,301	853,896
Actual tax benefits recognized related to stock-based compensation		$ 5.5	$ 1.0	$ 0.5
Vesting Equally on Second, Third and Fourth Anniversary of Grant Date Over Four Years
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted				15,000
2016 Incentive Award Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares registered and available for grant					6,000,000
Shares available for future stock compensation grants		3,200,000	3,800,000
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Granted to Employees
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Awards granted to employees		816,286	850,700	968,550
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Non-employee Directors
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		41,853	33,801
Award vesting description		These awards will vest on the earlier of (a) the day immediately preceding the date of the first annual meeting following the date of grant and (b) the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the non-employee director continuing in service through the applicable vesting date.
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Vesting After Four Years \| Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		10,000	550,500	797,550
Award vesting period		4 years	4 years	4 years
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Vesting After Four Years \| Restricted Stock Units (RSU)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period		4 years	4 years	4 years
Shares granted		227,610	300,200	38,000
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Vesting After Four Years \| Restricted Stock Awards (RSA)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period				4 years
Shares granted				118,000
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Vesting After One Year
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		5,000
Award vesting period		1 year
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Fully-vested Awards
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		551,676
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Vesting in Twelve Equal Monthly Installments
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		22,000
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Vesting Over One Year \| Non-employee Directors
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted				41,346
Award vesting period				1 year
2016 Incentive Award Plan \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation option terms		10 years
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation option terms		7 years
2014 Equity Incentive Plan \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period		4 years
2014 Equity Incentive Plan \| Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period		3 years
2014 Incentive Award Plan \| Stock Options \| MPI \| Tender Offer
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of vested options purchased by related party	229,431
2014 Incentive Award Plan \| Stock Options \| MPI \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses \| Tender Offer
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 5.1

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):



	2019			2018
Intangible assets:
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Carrying amount:
Customer relationships	$	145,051		$	145,051
Developed technologies		54,475			54,475
Other		3,074			3,074
Total finite-lived intangible assets		202,600			202,600
Accumulated amortization:
Customer relationships		(122,426	)		(110,636	)
Developed technologies		(54,475	)		(51,751	)
Other		(2,995	)		(2,680	)
Total accumulated amortization		(179,896	)		(165,067	)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net		22,704			37,533
Trade name (indefinite-lived)		31,646			31,646
Total intangible assets, net	$	54,350		$	69,179

Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2019, estimated amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

	Amortization
2020	$	7,876
2021		5,114
2022		3,353
2023		2,199
2024		1,443
Later years		2,719
	$	22,704

Property and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):


	2019			2018
Land	$	1,577		$	1,240
Equipment		20,225			15,437
Furniture, fixtures, and leasehold improvements		24,624			20,892
Computer hardware, software, and phone equipment		15,958			11,566
Buildings		13,272			8,145
Deemed assets from landlord building construction		-			22,752
Construction-in-progress		3,265			5,334
Property and equipment at cost		78,921			85,366
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(31,629	)		(33,111	)
Property and equipment, net	$	47,292		$	52,255

Depreciation expense was $8.4 million, $9.2 million and $8.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In 2011, Medpace, Inc. entered into two multi-year lease agreements governing the future occupancy of additional office space in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Company assumed occupancy of both spaces during 2012 and began making lease payments at that time. The leases expire in 2027 and the Company has one 10-year option to extend the term of the leases. As of December 31, 2018, in accordance with the accounting guidance related to leases under ASC 840, the Company was deemed in substance to be the owner of the properties during the construction phase. The accounting guidance required that a lessee be considered the owner of a real estate project during the construction period if a related party of the lessee is an owner of the real estate. Given that a related party of Medpace made an equity investment in the lessor, Medpace was considered the owner of the property for accounting purposes during the buildings’ construction. Accordingly, the Company reflected the building and related liabilities as Deemed assets from landlord building construction (“Deemed Assets”) and Deemed landlord liabilities, respectively in the consolidated balance sheets. The Deemed Assets were being fully depreciated, on a straight line basis, over the 15-year term of the lease. As of December 31, 2019, in accordance with the accounting guidance related to leases under ASC 842, these leases have been classified as operating leases and the deemed assets have been removed. See Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the ASC 842 adoption entries.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities - Summary of Accounts Receivable and Unbilled, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 127,877	$ 85,120
Unbilled receivables	28,368	49,361
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(583)	(1,032)	$ (673)	$ (3,222)
Total accounts receivable and unbilled, net	$ 155,662	$ 133,449

Income Taxes - Summary Of Difference Between Statutory Rate for Federal Income Tax and Effective Income Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended			24 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense calculated at the federal statutory rate	$ 26,215	$ 19,730	$ 19,931
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit	2,021	1,978	1,606
Tax on foreign earnings, net of tax credits and deductions	593	172	(69)
Tax reform adjustment	0	(195)	(3,418)	$ (3,600)
Write off of Deferred Tax Assets	0	509	0
Deferred credit	(802)	(802)	(1,053)
Stock-based awards	(3,011)	(651)	(179)
Tax reform	0	126	574
Deduction for FDII	(2,283)	0	0
Other	964	687	483
State/Local tax credits	(793)	(1,253)	(1,187)
Foreign tax credits	0	(727)	0
Change in liability for uncertain tax positions	1,325	1,102	1,141
Other	160	90	(6)
Income tax provision (benefit), Total	$ 24,389	$ 20,766	$ 17,823
Income tax expense calculated at the federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit	1.60%	2.10%	2.80%
Tax on foreign earnings, net of tax credits and deductions	0.40%	0.20%	(0.10%)
Tax reform adjustment	0.00%	(0.20%)	(6.00%)
Write off of Deferred Tax Assets	0.00%	0.60%	0.00%
Deferred credit	(0.60%)	(0.90%)	(1.90%)
Stock-based awards	(2.40%)	(0.70%)	(0.30%)
Tax reform		0.10%	1.00%
Deduction for FDII	(1.80%)	0.00%	0.00%
Other	0.80%	0.70%	0.90%
State/Local tax credits	(0.60%)	(1.30%)	(2.10%)
Foreign tax credits	0.00%	(0.80%)	0.00%
Change in liability for uncertain tax positions	1.00%	1.20%	2.00%
Other	0.10%	0.10%	0.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent	19.50%	22.10%	31.30%

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended			24 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details)	May 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
U.S. federal corporate tax rate		21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, accounting complete true or false			true		true
Transition tax expense				$ 600,000
Final transition tax liability			$ 700,000		$ 700,000
Percentage of transition tax liability impact on effective tax rate			0.001
Provisional tax benefit				3,400,000
Final tax benefit		$ 0	$ 195,000	$ 3,418,000	3,600,000
Percentage of tax benefit from adjustment of deferred tax assets and liabilities		0.00%	0.20%	6.00%
Deferred tax liability not recognized from undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries			$ 0		0
Deduction for dividends received in tax reform act			100.00%
Dividends received from owned foreign corporations by us corporate shareholders			10.00%
Foreign corporations shareholders holding period			1 year
Amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries for which deferred foreign withholding taxes not recorded			$ 21,100,000		21,100,000
Deferred tax assets, foreign operating loss carryforwards		$ 447,000	248,000		248,000
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance		$ 755,000	169,000		169,000
Percentage of foreign net operating loss carryforward over indefinite period		28.00%
Deferred tax assets				$ 21,100,000
Deferred tax liabilities				$ 100,000
Liability for interest and penalties		$ 1,400,000	1,000,000.0		1,000,000.0
Liability for uncertain tax position		$ 8,200,000	7,200,000		$ 7,200,000
Number of tax years		4 years
IRC Section 382 Ownership Shift
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Disposal of deferred tax assets			7,400,000
Reduction in deferred credit			6,900,000
Net increase in tax expense			$ 500,000
NephroGenex, Inc.
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	$ 22,200,000
Tax effected net operating losses	13,500,000
Tax effected capitalized research and development expenses	8,500,000
Tax effected federal tax credits	200,000
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 100,000
Minimum
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards expiration year		2020
Maximum
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards expiration year		2029
U.S. State and Local
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Tax credits carryforward expiration year		2024
Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance		$ 400,000